The study of effect the thyroid gland disorders and vitamin D deficiency on women with pregnant and without pregnant in Iraq

Vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy is a worldwide epidemic, this kind of disease causes enhanced skin pigmentation and low nutritional intake. In this thesis, the objective is to assess the impact of thyroid gland abnormalities and vitamin D shortage on pregnant and non-pregnant women, both during and after pregnancy. An earlier study, which found that low maternal vitamin D levels were common in early pregnancy (less than 10 weeks), supported the results of the current trial (in the range of 5 - 12 weeks). Our research included pregnant women who were in excellent health and did not have any pre-existing medical disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, or other medical diseases. Because our study participants were in their first trimester of pregnancy, it is most likely that their serum 25(OH)D levels were low. This is due to a variety of factors, including a higher proportion of them experiencing morning sickness, limiting outdoor physical activity, and only a small proportion of them taking multivitamin supplements, among others. The prevalence of overt or subclinical hypothyroidism is evaluated based on the TSH cutoff levels that are used in the study. It seems that, in contrast to the non-pregnant state, the reference range for serum TSH is lower throughout pregnancy, according to persuasive data. The fact that serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are at their lowest during the first trimester of pregnancy is thought to be owing to hCG stimulation of the thyroid gland, since serum hCG at highest during the first trimester of pregnancy.