Study of serum ghrelin level in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: In relation with insulin level

Background: Ghrelin, a gastric-derived orexigenic hormone, is a leading candidate for this endocrine arm of gastric feeding control. The hormone ghrelin increases appetite and food consumption in a variety of animals. human beings included Ghrelin levels in the blood decrease. Carbohydrate-rich meals cause a postprandial increase in circulating ghrelin, while carbohydrate-poor meals cause a postprandial decrease in circulating ghrelin. The majority of studies looking into the connection between ghrelin and insulin resistance or diabetic states indicate that there is a link between ghrelin and insulin resistance or diabetes mellitus. There is a growing body of evidence that this is the case. Ghrelin has a suppressive effect on the release of insulin from pancreatic islets. Ghrelin plasma concentrations were found to be lower in the stable offspring of Type 2 diabetes patients, and compensatory hyperinsulinemia caused by insulin resistance was linked to lower ghrelin levels. Total ghrelin concentrations in fasting plasma were lower in Type 2 diabetes patients than in non-diabetic patients. Even after all these years, the gap remained important. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the serum ghrelin in a patient with diabetes mellitus type 2 and healthy control. To investigate the relation between serum fasting insulin with ghrelin in T2DM. Material and method: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Endocrine and Diabetes Unit at Azadi Teaching Hospital, in Duhok city in Iraq. This study was conducted on 92 subjects, 70 were T2DM patients and 22 were non-diabetic healthy subjects. Serum ghrelin was measured by using the ELISA. Serum insulin was measured by autoanalyzer Cobas E411, and Glycated hemoglobin was done by (HPLC D10) auto analyzer device. Result: In our study, we investigate ghrelin significantly in the diabetic patient group was lower than in the control subjects group, ghrelin in the patient group (262.37±129.29 pg/mL) against (487.40±53.81 pg/mL) with (p<0.001), and insulin in the patient group (27.39±11.06 µU/mL) against (12.07±5.49 µU/mL) in the control group with (p<0.001). also, ghrelin and insulin positively correlated with high significantly with each other (p<0.001, r= -0.699). Serum ghrelin and insulin are significantly related to fasting glucose and HbA1C. Conclusion: Results: In this study, a significant relationship between ghrelin and insulin and T2DM