Structuring the tax system for sustainable growth: A comparative review on Nordic countries and Turkey

Environmental protection, sustainability and security of energy resources are becoming increasingly important for sustainable growth. In this framework, it can be said that tax practices and regulations that are effective in protecting the environment and efficient use of energy resources are indirectly effective on sustainable growth.Because of the increase in using fossil fuels, especially with the acceleration of industrialization, many countries have become dependent on foreign energy due to the lack of dispersed or sufficient reserves of fossil energy resources. In addition, fossil energy sources cause carbon dioxide emissions, leading to environmental pollution, global warming and climate change. This situation appears as an obstacle to economic growth. In this framework, renewable energy resources come to the fore as an alternative to fossil energy resources. Scandinavian countries have an important position in the world with their practices towards renewable energy resources. The major factor for the Scandinavian countries to come to the forefront is the effective use of energy resources and taxes environmentally efficiently. Thus, Scandinavian countries have reduced their carbon emissions without reducing their tax revenues and have continued to grow.In this study, based on the tax policies implemented by Scandinavian countries to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the use of renewable energy resources, the literature will be investigated on whether there is a need for a transformation in the tax system to reduce Turkey's dependence on foreign energy for sustainable growth and to encourage investments in renewable energy resources to ensure environmental management. The relationship between growth and tax revenues in Scandinavian countries will be revealed by correlation analysis. The results of the correlation analysis applied in this thesis show that sustainable growth can be realized through tax policy in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.