Sustainable stadiums: evaluation of buildings constructed in Türki̇ye since 2016

During construction, which is one of the sectors that negatively affects global climate change, resources such as energy, water, and raw materials are consumed, and 38% of greenhouse gases are caused by construction. At this point, considering the annual usage rates of stadiums built for playing football but generally not designed to host other events, it is important that stadiums are designed, constructed, and operated sustainably (economically, environmentally and socially) since their costs and environmental impacts are high. In this context, the pre-design, design, construction, and operating processes of stadiums designed and constructed in Türkiye after 2016, the year Türkiye signed the Paris Agreement, which is considered an important agreement in terms of its goals to be sustainable (economically, environmentally, and social), were examined in terms of sustainability. This examination was carried out by asking the questions obtained from the sustainable guide developed by researching green building certification systems, regulations, laws, standards and incentives regarding sustainability, sustainability criteria in sports structures, FIFA criteria, UEFA criteria, and TFF criteria to the determined participant groups (investor, designer, contractor and stadium operator). Based on the participants' answers, it was concluded that energy, water and materials were not used efficiently enough, sustainability awareness was not sufficient and stadium use was generally limited to football. A guide was prepared to ensure that stadiums planned to be designed and built in Türkiye are sustainable.