The production of tall oil based biodiesel and fuel additives, the effects of these on performance of diesel engine

THE PRODUCTION OF TALL OIL BASED BIODIESEL AND FUEL ADDITIVES, THE EFFECTS OF THESE ON PERFORMANCE OF DIESEL ENGINE (Ph.D. Thesis) Ali KESKİN GAZI UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY June 2005 ABSTRACT In order to solve energy crisis, to avoid the dependence for petroleum and to decrease the environmental concern, investigations on alternative renewable energy resources have been continued. One of the alternative renewable energy sources is biodiesel for diesel engine. In this work, biodiesel and fuel additive were produced from crude tall oil that is a by-product in the pulp manufacturing by craft or sulphate pulping process. Fatty acids and resinic acids were obtained from crude tall oil by fractional distillation. Tall oil methyl ester (biodiesel) was produced from fatty acids. Fuel properties of biodiesel are determined. Resinic acids was reacted with NiO, M0O3, MgO, Mn02 ve C03O4 for production of metallic fuel additives. Each one of the metallic fuel additives was added at rate of 4 umol/1, 8 umol/1 and 12 umol/1 to mixture of 60% tall oil methyl ester / 40% diesel fuel for preparing test fuels. Metallic fuel additives improved fuel properties of biodiesel fuels. Biodiesel fuels were tested in an unmodified direct injection diesel engine at full load condition for different engine speeds. Engine torque and power values shoved trend of increasing with biodiesel fuels. In addition exhaust emission profile of engine improved.VI It was concluded that biodiesel fuels would be an alternative fuel to diesel engine, because of improving engine performance and emission results, similar properties of biodiesel fuels with diesel fuels. Science Code : 708 Key Words : Tall oil methyl ester, Biodiesel, Fuel Additive, diesel fuel, Page Number: 147 Advisers : Prof. Dr. Duran ALTIPARMAK, Assoc. Dr. Metin GÜRÜ