The investigation of construction techniques and material usage of historical stone bridges

In this research, the historical processes and changes of the historical stone bridges from the Roman period to the last period of the Ottomans, the materials used, construction techniques and structural features were examined chronologically through various examples. In the first chapter cultural heritage, architectural heritage concepts and laws on the protection of bridges which are important works of the history of technology and the purpose, scope and method of the subject are determined. In the second chapter the main sources used about subject are given. In the third chapter historical road networks are shown on the map and inventory information of historical bridges is given. The historical process of the historical stone bridges from the Hittite to the Early Republic period is explained. Also the terms of the structural elements are shown on the drawings of stone bridges. Construction techniques and materials used from the Roman period to the Ottoman period under the headings of foundations, spandrel walls, arches, floorings and architectural elements (bearing legs, parapets, corniches, king post stone, inscription and inscription kiosks, view terrace, flood splitter, relieving cell, discharcing cell, doors, windows, open-air prayer place, mihrab, roof systems, gargoyle, stairs, ornaments). After that the damages and strenghtening studies on the stone bridges are discussed in detail through varios examples. Damages in foundations, spandrell walls, arches and floorings which are the main bearing elements constituting the bridges and possible damages caused by the ground are examined under the headings. In the fourth chapter a brief evaluation of the whole study and the findings are summarized. As a result of the fifth chapter so that these structures can survive for many years, knowing the construction systems and materials used will ensure that the repairs are carried out with the proper techniques according to the original.