Change tendencies of housing production processes in case of Teşvikiye

Architecture and modernization researchers investigate effects of modernization on settlement and housing formation in Turkey in four periods: 1839-1920, 1920-1950, 1950-1980 periods and period from 1980 until today. Urbanization history and current physical environment of Nişantaşı-Teşvikiye verifies the same periods. Period between 1839 and the establishment of Turkish Republic is the founding period of the district, which is also the time interval when modernization began impacting Anatolian geography. The district was established as a settlement for bureaucratic elite in Istanbul when modernization have not been penetrated into social structure yet and applied only by the government. This new foundation was formed by traditional houses and mansions inside a avenue-street-building block-parsel order as part of modern city patterns. First apartments emerge by the end of this period. During the first twenty-five years of the republic, new housing types are added to traditional types in the context of Nation State's interior structuring and diverging from its origins. Construction developed on the existing template; modern has counter-parted the traditional which lost function and has been replaced. However, as a result of late realization of western processes by 100 years in Turkey and in Istanbul, the marks of traditional structures in Nişantaşı- Teşvikiye has wiped away. New modern has destroyed some forms of the old modern beside traditional structures. Apartments has become the monotype of the physical environment. 1950-1980 period has been the prosess of Nişantaşı-Teşvikiye sharing the abrasive aspect of modernization with peripheral districts. In the period during 1980, discontinuity and abrasiveness of modernization continued. With the evolution of informatics and communication technologies, spreading of modernization has increased its pace. While the dynamics of this process has brought İstanbul to a different position on national and international scale, it also effected Nişantaşı-Teşvikiye. While peripheral areas lose prestige and residential function; housing, commercial and business districts and public area formation increased the prestige of Nişantaşı-Teşvikiye. Keywords: Teşvikiye, housing, modernization, apartment buildings, urbanization.