The effect of motivational interviews with tele-nursing and education on diabetes management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled study

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effects of individual education, tele-nursing-supported motivational interviews, and motivational messages on metabolic parameters (fasting blood glucose, HbA1c), diabetes management self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle beliefs in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Methods: The study was conducted in a single-center, single-masked, parallel-group, randomized controlled experimental design with a 6-month follow-up. A total of 96 adolescents participated (48 intervention, 48 control). The intervention group received individual face-to-face diabetes education at baseline, six motivational interviews monthly (three face-to-face and three via tele-nursing), and 24 motivational messages through WhatsApp. Data collection tools included the "Metabolic Control Form," "Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes," and the "Healthy Lifestyle Belief Scale for Adolescents." Data were collected as a pre-test, intermediate follow-up test, and post-test. Results: Significant decreases in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels were observed in the intervention group at intermediate follow-up and post-test compared to the control group. Additionally, significant increases were found in diabetes management self-efficacy and healthy lifestyle beliefs and their subdimensions in the intervention group at these follow-ups, with statistically significant differences compared to controls. Only the hypothesis related to the nutrition beliefs subdimension was partially accepted; all other hypotheses were fully supported. Conclusions: Individual education combined with tele-nursing supported motivational interviews and motivational messages positively influenced metabolic parameters, diabetes management self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle beliefs in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.