The map engineering applications in tunnel works: New Zigana tunnel case

In this thesis thesis, the map engineering application of the New Zigana Tunnel Project have been investigated. New Zigana Tunnel which was started to build on March 13, 2107 and is stil under construction on the Trabzon-Gümüşhane highway is accepted as the world' ssecond largest road transport tunnel Project and the first in Turkey and Europe, with a total of 29 kilometers of double tunnel tubeseach of 14.5kilometers. In this study it has been determined that the geodetic studies for the new Zigana Tnnel Project consists, geodetic reference system selection, elevation systemand geoit model selection, map projection selection, coordinate transformation, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) RTK (Real Time Kinematic) service usage and current map production studies and these studies have been investigated. It has been determined that terrestrial surveying methods (EDM, GNSS) are predominantly used due to the high spatial accuracy provided by guiding simultaneous tunneling studies from Trabzon and Gümüşhane directions. In addition, the use of GNSS technology where topography and plant cover allow for has accelerated the measurement work in establishing the geodetic infrastructure and the current map production. Height measurements are carried out by using the geometric leveling technique. If the GNSS technique is used, the ellipsoidal heights measured by GNSS are converted to orthometric height again with the geometric leveling technique. When the expropriation works (solution of property problems) are investigated in the new Zigana Tunnel project, it has been determined that there are three different situations in obtaining land ownership required for tunnel construction. The first is the expropriation method carried out at the entrance and exit points of the tunnel. The second case is the constitution of servitude, which is a limited real right on immovables due to the tunnel. The third case is that if there is no risk in immovable properties on the tunnel in terms of safety of life and property, no establishment of rights is made. In the thesis study, the transactions performed for all three cases were examined together with legal basis. Finally, in the thesis study, the existing possibilities and constraints on managing the New Zigana Tunnel project data in a three-dimensional (3D) environment have been evaluated. Especially with geographic Information Systems based approach, the data of tunnels and immovables could be analyzed in a 3D environment. The web-based 3D modeling approach has been found to provide significant opportunities to make project data more understandable and to present project data. Key words: 3D Modeling, Cadastre, Expropriation, Tunnel Measurements.