An investigation on lean mobilization and site waste management in Turkish construction industry

The Turkish construction industry includes the fields of activity of the firms that are engaged both in mass production and of the companies providing contractor services in domestically and abroad. As in a significant proportion of Turkish construction sector in the overseas market as an existing field of activity it holds, when the sector is considered, it is seen that it has a good position in the country. A significant portion of Turkey's economy constitutes construction industry and the related sub-sectors. For this reason, it is important for our sustainable development that our Turkish construction sector, which is called the locomotive sector of the economy, is able to increase its market share, achieve a competitive advantage, and provide high valueadded and profitable projects. This situation emphasizes the need to adapt contemporary management approaches (such as lean management, sustainability principles, site waste management) to our construction sector. Within the scope of the thesis, wastes in construction sector are divided into two subgroups as administrative and environmental wastes. Administrative wastes are thought to represent waste generated from the construction sites and caused by management. While lean management concept, its philosophy and strategies are suggested as a solution to administrative waste, it is presented under 8 waste categories. Eight waste categories emphasized by lean management are over production, waiting, transportation, proccessing, inventory, motion, defects, unused employed cretivity. Within the scope of this study, four waste items were added to these eight waste categories and increased to 12. They are innovative, sustainable and processes to be adapted to technological developments, made of non subcontractor elections authority, contracts, tenders and regulations are not active and efficient. The last option and 12th item is left as the other option. The adaptation of the construction companies to the changing conditions is very important in order to survive in the increasingly competitive environment. For this reason, the studies carried out in order to increase the activity and efficiency in the construction sector are also gaining importance by analyzing the management approaches successfully applied in other sectors. They are expected to give the best service with the best quality by focusing on customer expectations and analyzing their demands very well. It is important get the most suitable product for the customer and his/her needs from the market instead of not wanting the product. In this way, it has made it a basic need for companies to develop their organizational structures and to adopt a continuous development phenomenon. When all the stages of the construction process are taken as a whole, the surplus in the amount of administrative and environmental waste is remarkable. Waste generated during the construction site has a negative impact on costs, time and quality as well as on the environment. Considering all negative effects, the lean management principles applied in other sectors have been examined in order to reduce these negativities. Lean management principles show their presence in many sectors, especially in the automotive sector. It is known that this principle develops positive properties by increasing productivity in the automotive industry and in other applied sectors. This can be considered as one of the most prominent features while reducing production costs while increasing diversity in production. Lean management is particularly profitable for companies engaged in mass production, while the awareness of adaptability to the construction sector is known to be more limited. It is also known that there are many obstacle factors behind this limitation in the adaptation of lean management principles and its philosophies to the construction sector. In order to ensure the adaptation of the lean management approach to the construction sector, success and obstacle factors have been determined by means of resource surveys and awareness of the subject has been aimed. Thus, all adverse conditions will be predetermined and measures will be taken in order to be able to evolve in a positive way. Environmental wastes can be defined as material wastes that occur in the construction site and which can harm the environment. For environmental wastes, it has been proposed to create waste management plans for each site. Application areas of waste management plans is investigated by other developed countries , England and Turkey. Site waste management plan regulations including detailed applications in waste management in the UK are examined in detail. In order to analyze the current situation of our country within the scope of waste management, relevant Turkish regulations and laws are analyzed and summarized with tables. Site Waste Management Plans sustainable Regulation applicable in the United Kingdom and Turkey to adapt to the system developed in Turkey may lean frame is intended for the benefit of the construction industry. In order to do this, it is considered that public support is important for adapting to developing technologies and innovations, strengthening the relations between public-private sector, preparing detailed waste management plans for each site and implementing them effectively. The necessity of establishing a tripartite system by including the academy in the public-private sector bilateral cooperation has been seen. It is thought that the universities, which have the potential to be an eye for both inside and outside the sector, can support the construction sector in a multifaceted way. While managerial and environmental wastes are not completely independent from each other, they can integrate each other in reality. Implementation of the lean management approach in order to prevent administrative waste in the construction sector can also contribute to the reduction of environmental waste. The mobilization phase, which is one of the sub-processes of construction, is defined as the stage in which the design is done by assuming that the design is terminated especially in the traditional project delivery systems and the necessary conditions for starting the construction phase are made. The completion of the mobilization phase with the correct solution will enable the construction phase to be completed correctly. In this case, mobilization phase as much as possible from the waste management, sustainability principles and waste management in accordance with the purification will be possible. It is observed during the study that the mobilization phase had two legs, namely design and application. These are the design leg on which drafts are created on paper and the application leg on the construction site. In order not to ignore any type of waste that may occur in mobilization, the design and implementation phases of mobilization were considered together. It is important to determine and apply all the conditions required to be active and mobilized at once, before the site is started. Effective mobilization will prevent the return to the re-mobilization phase in the later stages of construction. Thus, it will reduce the cost, quality and time losses by preventing the repetition of mobilization, and can contribute to both lean and sustainable construction understanding. In this study; In the Turkish construction sector, it is aimed to conduct a study on lean mobilization and site waste management practices for sustainable construction and to develop solutions. Lean management, organization, philosophy and principles in the construction industry, especially in construction processes, the study of the factors of success and obstacles, focusing on the concept of sustainability, establishing the relationship between sustainability and lean, site management and organization of the concepts of research, determination of site waste, administrative and environmental classification and management, construction waste plan in Turkey and waste management plans in the context of the UK legislation from developed countries on the basis of, BIM (Building Information Modeling) and Industry 4.0 as an innovative, technological and lean waste management for sustainable construction's place in the construction industry in sustainable development investigation of mobilization processes, determination of necessary substances for mobilization related literature is performed. As for the goals and objectives within the context of this thesis, a detailed literature review, case studies, interviews and surveys supported the application is made. Interviews and investigations were carried out at the headquarters of a pioneering company in the Turkish construction sector and in three different scales at different scales and the mobilization processes were examined. After the determination of the data obtained from the source search and case studies and couses and types of waste in the mobilization process, tables are prepared in the light of the relevant data. Considering the lean management's waste classifications, 4 more waste management items are added to 8 lean management waste as a result of case studies and source screening. A total of 12 waste type main headings and 52 sub-waste headings are formed. It is also required to state the situations that may cause each waste subheading. Thus, possible types of waste that may occur in mobilization processes are determined. Surveys are formed from the tables. The survey consists of two main sections. In the first part, questions are asked about the occupational knowledge of the respondents and the site-specific questions. In the second part, there are questions about the evaluation of wastes. The effect of any waste material on its frequency, duration, cost and quality is measured. For each item to be measured, 1 (very low), 2 (low), 3 (high) and 4 (very high) are asked to respond by considering one of the options. In response to a possible mobilization waste not included in the survey, the respondents are asked to indicate their free opinion. Finally, they are asked to indicate their participation status to 1 (minimum), 5 (highest). The survey is applied to company owners, project managers, site managers, engineers and architects. The resulting data has been put forward to provide a clear potential mobilization waste is thought to bring about a lean mobilization of the waste-free process. At one time and can be effectively mobilized detention not be returning to the stage again later stages of mobilization in the construction of these roads and time, cost, quality is reported to allow the prevention of losses. The purification of the mobilization phase from possible wastes will also contribute to three dimensions of sustainability: social, environmental and economic. This study will be a source for the firms operating in the construction sector, public institutions and the academicians doing research on this subject.