Hunting tourism practices in Turkey, associated problems, and proposed solutions

While the instinct of hunting is as ancient as humanity itself, the phenomenon of hunting tourism is a relatively recent development. Turkey's rich wildlife, diverse ecosystems, and strategic geographical location have positioned hunting tourism as a significant alternative tourism type for the country. This study examines the practices of hunting tourism in Turkey, including its historical development, legal framework, organizational structure, operational processes, stakeholder perspectives, identified challenges, and proposed solutions. A qualitative research method was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews. These interviews were conducted with three primary stakeholder groups directly involved in hunting tourism organizations: representatives of hunting tourism agencies, domestic hunters participating in hunting tourism events, and personnel from the General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks. The data were analyzed using content analysis, and findings were structured around stakeholder perceptions, experienced problems, and proposed solutions. The results reveal that Turkey has a high potential for hunting tourism; however, this potential remains underutilized due to various factors. Key issues identified in the implementation of hunting tourism include challenges related to the management of hunting grounds, wildlife inventory efforts, pricing policies, limited hunting quotas, distribution of participation fees, illegal hunting activities, and staffing. In conclusion, the study offers comprehensive policy recommendations at legal, administrative, and technical levels to establish a sustainable, wildlife-based, economically beneficial, and scientifically grounded structure for hunting tourism in Turkey. Thus, it contributes both to the academic literature and provides practical guidance for relevant institutions.