Construction and questioning of masculunity in left organizations in turkey

This study examines the relationship between leftist movements in Turkey and gender norms, focusing on how masculinity practices have impacted women's experiences within these movements. Despite the core principles of equality and freedom, patriarchal structures and hegemonic masculinity norms have persisted in leftist practices. These contradictions have fueled the rise of feminist critiques, which have questioned these structures and advocated for gender equality. The study explores the role of feminist theories and women's movements in raising awareness about gender equality within leftist organizations, as well as women's struggles for leadership positions and inclusion in decision-making processes. Post-1980, women's movements in Turkey gained visibility, with feminist critiques targeting patriarchal structures within leftist ideology. Women developed new strategies to challenge these structures and promote gender equality. Campaigns led by feminist groups aimed to increase women's representation in leadership and foster equitable organizational practices. However, leftist movements' tendency to view gender issues as secondary to class struggle has limited the extent of this transformation. Feminist theories have provided a framework for critiquing hegemonic masculinity norms and enhancing the visibility of women in these movements. The findings highlight that feminist movements have not only challenged gendered structures within leftist ideology but have also contributed to a broader approach to gender equality struggles. Feminist critiques have exposed the imbalance between women's labor and leadership roles, emphasizing the need for structural reforms within organizations. These perspectives have enabled leftist movements to evolve into more inclusive entities. In conclusion, the alignment of leftist movements in Turkey with gender equality depends significantly on feminist contributions. Recommendations include implementing quotas to increase women's participation in leadership roles and expanding awareness programs. Solidarity with feminist and LGBTQ+ movements is essential for developing inclusive policies. This study demonstrates that leftist ideological commitments to societal transformation can only be realized through feminist theories and gender equality advocacy.