Evaluation of water quality and sediman in coastal area of the West Black Sea Region of Turkey

Marine pollution occurs as a result of direct or indirect release to the sea any substance and energy that may harm living sources in the sea and human health, prevent marine activities, deteriorate the quality of sea water for various uses and disrupted its aesthetical appearance. It is observed that seas are polluted with all kinds of pollutant that meet this definition of pollution and the marine ecosystem is getting disrupted day by day in Turkey. It's a necessity to have the information regarding the status of pollution of our marines, the change showed by this pollution within time and the sources that are originating the pollution. The aim here is to eliminate the status of pollution and their regeneration and to preserve the available resources. In this study, the temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen, secchi disk, ammonium nitrogen, total oxidized nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, phosphate phosphorus, chlorophyll-a and silicate analysis results of sea water samples obtained in summer period of the 2014 from depths varying between 5-250 meters at 14 stations and heavy metal analysis results of sediment samples obtained at 3 stations from the West Black Sea Region were examined and evaluated in association with the region's pollution sources and natural structure. According to the heavy metal enrichment factor calculations performed in the sediments, a medium level of enrichment like Cu>Ni>Cd>Pb and a significant level of enrichment like Fe>Cr>Co>Mn>As>Zn was observed at the İğneada station. At the Şile station, a minor level of enrichment was observed in the Pb metal and medium level of enrichment like Cr>Mn>Co and significant level of enrichment like As>Fe>Cd was observed. At the Zonguldak station, a medium level of enrichment like Mn>Pb and a significant level of enrichment like Fe>As>Cd>Cr>Cu>Co>Zn>Ni was observed. This indicates the presence and level of anthropogenic effects. In sea water analyses, pH level was higher than the EPA criteria. It was found that other parameters examined in sea water do not exceed the limit values. The decrease of water soluble CO2 as a result of decomposition of increased organic materials by bacteria due to contamination and the photosynthesis activity increasing with sunlight in the summer increases the pH value. It is evaluated that increases in nutrients originate from untreated domestic and industrial wastewaters, pesticides and fertilizers, and polluted waters carried with rivers. It was found that the area from İğneada to Sakarya River was affected by the pollution especially from the Danube River. When the heavy metal surveys performed in the sediment are considered, it was evaluated that the pollution at the İğneada station is due to the Danube River, the pollution at the Şile station arises out of the Danube River as well as port activities at the Bosphorus, and the pollution at the Zonguldak station is arises out of coal operations and thermal power plants. Keywords: West Black Sea, Marine Pollution, Marine Water, Sediman