Social adaptation of international students studying in Türkiye: The case of Siirt University

The primary aim of this thesis is to conduct an in-depth analysis of the social adjustment processes of international students studying at Siirt University, and the individual, social, and institutional dynamics that shape these processes. The research was designed using a phenomenological approach, a qualitative research method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 29 international students studying at the undergraduate level at Siirt University during the 2023-2024 academic year. The most fundamental finding of the research is that Siirt's historically-shaped multicultural and multilingual (Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic) structure, combined with the tolerant and inclusive attitudes of the local community, acts as a catalyst for the students' social adjustment. The experiences of the participants indicate that this unique identity of the city provides a social environment that is free from discrimination and secure, particularly in comparison to metropolises. However, despite these structural advantages that facilitate social adjustment, it was found that students face the universal challenges of migration. Specifically, the emotional void resulting from being away from family and the burden of practical life responsibilities (e.g., household management) were found to be experienced more intensely by female students, leading to the conclusion that the social adjustment process can differ based on gender. Furthermore, in addition to language barriers and economic difficulties, the absence of a systematic orientation program by the university tailored to the specific needs of international students was identified as a significant institutional deficiency. In conclusion, the social adjustment of international students in Siirt is largely shaped as a product of the accepting environment provided by the city's organic social fabric and the informal support mechanisms developed by the students themselves. This process holds the potential to become more efficient if strengthened by institutional support.