Comparison of parliamentary system and Presidential Government System in Turkey in terms of parliamentary efficiency

With the referendum held on April 16, 2017, part of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey was amended, the parliamentary system was replaced by the Presidential Government System. After the system change, a number of changes have occurred in the duties and powers of the institutions of the constitutional system. Some of these changes have been related to the executive, while some of them have been related to the legislative. The change in the effectiveness of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, especially after the system change, is especially important. Because the democratic practices and habits of society that have settled in the tradition of the parliamentary system have been the subject of discussion with the acceptance of some innovations that are unique to presidential systems after the change of the system. There is no doubt that in classical parliamentary systems, the parliament is more effective in terms of parliamentary effectiveness compared to the parliament in presidential systems. Because the parliament is at the center of the parliamentary system, the executive comes out of the parliament, and the executive can be dismissed by the parliament. On the other hand, in the presidential system, the executive and the legislature are independent of each other, and there is a much stricter separation of powers distinction. Although this strict distinction does not constitute an obstacle for parliament to control the executive, the fact that the executive does not need a vote of confidence from parliament, the parliament cannot dismiss the head of the executive branch, and the executive does not come out of parliament by taking its legitimacy directly from the people gives the executive a more special and powerful role in this system. When the constitutional amendment and the change in parliamentary powers, the number of law proposals submitted by deputies serving in parliament, the number of investigations conducted by parliament and the visibility of parliament in public are evaluated together, there has been a decrease in parliamentary effectiveness after the Presidential Government System. Although there are differences, it is seen that this situation is mainly a system change due to the transition to the Presidential Government System, which is a variant of the presidential system. With the new system, the Turkish Grand National Assembly, as an executive body, has been overshadowed by the presidential office, and there has been an erosion in parliamentary effectiveness compared to the old system