Investigation of body image and level of reintegration to normal living in upper extremity amputees

Background and Aim: This study aimed to examine body image and the level of reintegration to normal living in individuals with upper limb amputation, and to investigate the relationship of these parameters with sociodemographic characteristics, rehabilitation follow-up, prosthetic adjustment, and level of depression. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with a total of 52 participants, including an amputation group (26 individuals) and a control group (26 individuals). In the amputation group, body image was assessed using the revised version of the Amputee Body Image Scale, reintegration to normal living was evaluated using the Reintegration to Normal Living Index, and prosthetic adjustment was measured with the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales. To compare the body image parameter between the two groups, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, the right-left discrimination test, and the two-point discrimination test were applied. Depression levels were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: In individuals with upper limb amputation, a significant relationship was observed between body image and the level of reintegration to normal living (p<0.05). In the amputee group, both body image and reintegration levels were found to be associated with time since amputation surgery, prosthetic adjustment, and level of depression (all p<0.05). In the right-left discrimination performance, the amputation group demonstrated decreased accuracy rates and increased reaction times compared to the control group (p<0.05). An increase in two-point discrimination thresholds was found in the ipsilateral upper limbs of the amputation group (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of body image scores or levels of depression (p>0.05). Conclusion: Body image and the level of reintegration to normal living were related to each other in upper extremity amputees. We believe that there is a need for rehabilitation approaches that aim to deepen the relationship that people with upper limb amputations have with their own bodies. Keywords: amputation, body image, upper extremity