UWB uygulamaları için ayarlanabilir bant aralığına sahip grafen tabanlı tek kutuplu mikroşerit anten

The utilization of Monopole Microstrip Antennas (M-MSAs) is widespread due to their affordability, simplicity in construction, and compact size, allowing seamless integration into various portable applications. Recently, the Ultrawide Band (UWB) technology, widely employed in wireless utilisations, is particularly reliant on this type of antenna. The UWB technology offers an extensive frequency range spanning in the range 3.1-10.6 GHz, catering to a multitude of small-power wireless implementations, including wireless voice transmission, personal localisation, radio frequency recognition, radar, and the HD video transmission. However, the broad nature of this frequency band increases the likelihood of interference. This contribution study seeks to formulate, simulate, and optimise an altered small-sized square M-MSA competent of fulfilling the conditions of UWB technology such as the large bandwidth. The introduced M-MSA design encompasses a square radiated patch, a dielectric material with a stout of 1 mm and 4.7 relative permittivity, a partially ground plane printed on the same face as the patch, and coplanar waveguide feed. To ensure the best compatibility with the UWB full band, certain of alterations to the M-MSA design are made like as a cut on the lower corners of the patch and changing the dimensions. Furthermore, the addition of a U-shaped aperture on the patch is suggested to be etched to create a bandgap within the UWB frequencies, effectively expected to reduce the interference. To obtain the tunability for the developed bandgap, graphene is employed to fill the aperture. In the case of the DC voltage being subjected to the graphene, the bandgap dissipates, while without biasing, the graphene exhibits high impedance, restricting current flow in the aperture. Consequently, the bandgap's impact becomes apparent within the frequency range of 3.87-4.85 GHz. After conducting the simulation and modification process, the obtained results demonstrate a significant improvement in both gain and efficiency. Furthermore, a notable increase in attenuation and degradation of gain is observed within the bandgap region, which was deliberately selected to mitigate interference from various sources such as military fixed communications, mobile communications, unmanned aerial vehicles, short-range radio links, satellite communications, and the low band of 5G. Keywords: 5G, M-MSA, Coplanar Waveguide, Graphene, UWB