Tuning systems of the viol family in the historical process, the use of scordatura in the cello and the examination of the solo cello works in which scordatura was used in the 20th century

The family of string instruments has had a rich variety of tunings throughout history and this continued until the formation of a standard tuning system for them. The term scordatura, in this regard, comes into being with the standardized tuning systems of string instruments that are recognized today. It is observed that the first use of scordatura, whose first traces were found in the 18th century, was for technical convenience and timbre. The subject of this study consists of solo cello works in which the scordatura technique was used in the 20th century. It is thought that there are different purposes between the first use of Scordatura and its use in the 20th century, so, this study focuses on solo cello works which were composed and performed after the 20th century. As a result of the examinations, it has been observed that there is a lack of resources related to the use of scordatura in the cello in both local and international literature. In this context, this study aims to create a kind of resource in the Turkish literature on the use of scordatura in the cello. In parallel with the literature review, it was observed that Cook's doctoral thesis namely "Scordatura Literature for Unaccompanied Violoncello in the 20th Century" is the most detailed study on this subject. Thus, this source was mostly used throughout the study.