Determination of the problems occuret of plaster of external buildings facades and solution suggestions

The polluted atmosphere caused by the accelerated industrialition and urbanization effect buildings that people creat for protection. Plaster; one of the coverings prevent the increased need of protection. Plaster is a building component provided by the mixture of binding materials (lime, cement, gypsum plaster, synthetic), filling materials (sand, gravel, folding stone...), water and painting materials. Plaster applicated on the wall aims to protect the building from atmospheric effects and give an esthetic and smooth facade. Because of their functions in forming the wall plasters, applied as browing and finishing, are classified according to their binding types, productions and application methods. Stone, brick, timber, concrete or light weight concrete elements are the convenient materials for forming a wall. In the application of plaster type of the material forming the wall and function of plaster must be determined. External building facade is affected by factors like heat, water and vapor, gases, sun rays, fire, microorganisms, plants, solid detrimentals, power and force. According to the these factors chosen improper plaster cannot protect the building as preferred and cause damages both in itself and on the building. The damages at the external facade of buildings are cracking, efflorence, color change, swelling and spilling. These damages are occurred because of the factors related to wall (the different materials forming it, not having a smooth and clean surface), plaster (not prepared by the correct proportion and qualified materials) and application (inconvenient condicitions and inadequate workmanship quality). To provide the damages at the external building facade suggested principles that should be considered by designers and constructors from the beginning of design period are determined as below:. Determining the environmental factors that effect the building.. Determining the surface and its needed conditions.. Having the adequate knowledge about the plaster types, mixtures, application surface and its quality, application methods, and the quality of the plaster types.. Choosing the proper plaster by considering the relationship between enviromental factors, facade and plaster.. Preparing the mixture of the chosen plaster type according to its material and quality.. Applying the prepared plaster related to the application methods by the experienced workers. During the applications of plaster at external facades of buildings, designers and constructors can provide the expected qualities by the help of suggested principles determined above.KEY WORDS: Plaster, external plaster, application methods of plaster, plaster damages, repairement of plaster damages, the method of choosing the plaster, the enviromental factors that effect the building external facade.