Classification of yüksekova soils; determination of microbiological and enzymatic properties

Identification and mapping of differences in soils is very important for agriculture, environmental protection, natural resource management and settlement construction. In this study, it was aimed to carry out detailed soil survey studies at the series level of the Yüksekova plain, which is located in Yüksekova district of Hakkari province and consists of an area of approximately 17.5 thousand ha (2.575 ha of which is wetland) at an altitude of 1950 m, to explain soil formation, classification and general characteristics, and to determine microbiological diversity and enzymatic properties at the gene level in the soil series defined in the study area and to evaluate their relationships with some soil properties. For this purpose, soil profiles were opened from 30 different points using satellite images and degraded and undisturbed soil samples were taken from each horizon. After the soil profiles were identified and the samples taken were analyzed, in order to identify the phases belonging to the identified soil series and to define the boundaries of the soil series and phases, controls were made from the corner point of each grid to 120 cm with an auger in the study area, which was divided into 400 x 400 m wide square grids. In order to define the series boundaries of each control point, the necessary observations regarding the arrangement of horizons, slope, soil depth, ground water level, thickness of the organic horizon and stony phases were made and noted. As a result of the findings, 18 different soil series and 21 phases (depth, stoniness, organic horizon thickness and ground water level) belonging to these series were defined in Yüksekova. The most widespread series in the study area was Yüksekova series (4.110,01 ha) and the least widespread series was Çelik series (106 ha). Considering the profile descriptions and analysis results, the study area has 5 different soil types as Alfisol, Mollisol, Inceptisol, Entisol and Histosol according to the American Soil Taxonomy. In addition, no bacteria were detected in Kadıköy, Çelik, Gever, Köprücek and Karlı series, while 4 different bacterial species were found in the other 13 series. These are Rubrubacter sp. (Beşbulak series), Actinomycetes bacterium (Beşbulak, Yüksekova, Yoncalık, Kamışlı, Adaklı and Vezirli series), soil bacterium (Büyükçiftlik, Mamaklı, Ünlüce, Karabey and Çatma series) and bacterium enrichment culture (Aksu series).