Energy and exergy analysis of Yunus Emre Thermal Power Plant

In this thesis study, the thermodynamic performance of the Yunus Emre Thermal Power Plant, operating in Turkey, has been comprehensively examined based on energy and exergy analyses. The efficient and effective utilization of energy resources is critically important for sustainable energy production today. In this context, improving the efficiency of thermal power plants and minimizing energy losses are essential for reducing environmental impacts. The main components of the plant including the boiler, turbines, condenser, heaters, pumps, and cooling systems were individually analyzed in detail from both energy and exergy perspectives. Based on actual operating data, these analyses identified the performance of the equipment and quantified the amount and sources of thermodynamic losses within the system. In the energy analysis, classical first-law principles were applied to examine the energy inputs and outputs of each component, and absolute energy efficiencies were calculated. In contrast, the exergy analysis focused on the quality and usability of energy according to the second law of thermodynamics, allowing for a clearer assessment of actual efficiencies and losses in energy conversion processes. The results indicated that the highest exergy destruction occurs in the boiler unit, amounting to 224.17 MW. While the boiler's energy efficiency is 76.68%, its exergy efficiency is only 43.16%, highlighting a significant potential for thermodynamic improvement. Although the turbine systems exhibit high energy and exergy efficiencies, they rank second in total exergy destruction. Auxiliary components such as pumps and heaters show lower efficiencies, but their overall impact on the system remains limited. From a holistic system perspective, overall energy efficiency was calculated as 35.21%, while exergy efficiency was determined to be 30.35%. These figures indicate an acceptable level of success in energy conversion; however, from an exergy perspective, there is considerable room for improvement. Accordingly, technical recommendations include redesigning the heat transfer surfaces in the boiler, optimizing the turbine exhaust pressure, increasing the cooling water flow rate in the condenser, and integrating waste heat recovery systems. This study highlights the importance of systematic and scientific analyses aimed at improving efficiency in power plants, providing a valuable reference for reducing environmental impacts and contributing to sustainable energy production. Furthermore, it offers insightful guidance for national energy policies and future technological investments.