Ziya Pasha's Articles in Hürriyet Newspaper

Ziya Pasha, one of the most important statesmen of the Tanzimat Period, is an important poet and writer who was born in Istanbul in 1829. He is an important person who left his mark on the period he lived in with his hard-working nature, brave character, patriotism, outspoken and critical personality. The fact that the Omsa State was dealing with very serious internal and external issues during the years when Ziya Pasha was born and raised deeply affected Ziya Pasha, and the developments that shaped his life developed around the idea of saving the State. The Tanzimat Edict was declared in 1839 and with this edict, there was a need for talented young people to work in the offices of the Sublime Porte. Ziya Pasha is one of these names, and when he was only 17 years old, he entered the Grand Vizier Mektubi, where he acquired information about bureaucratic affairs as well as state education. In addition, he had the chance to prove himself to Mustafa-Reşit Pasha in this pen and also met many important figures. During the reign of Abdulaziz, Mabeyn became the fourth secretary. Learning French during this period would bring him closer to Western culture and he would have the chance to compare Ottoman culture with European culture. However, due to the conflict between him and Grand Vizier Ali Pasha, he was tried to be kept out of Istanbul and was kept away from the center with different duties. For example, this is the reason why he was appointed as Governor of Cyprus, Governor of Amasya and Governor of Canik. However, due to the political, social and psychological problems he experienced in the places he was sent to, he would return to Istanbul again and be appointed as a member of the Council of Valence in Istanbul in 1865. However, the failure of the Ottoman Empire as a result of minority uprisings in places such as Serbia, Syria and Crete during this period caused Ziya to turn against the government. Meanwhile, Ali Pasha wanted to reassign Ziya Pasha to Cyprus, where he had previously served. At the same time, former Minister of Finance Mustafa Fazıl Pasha, who was at odds with his brother Ismail Pasha because of his position as the Khedive of Egypt, went to Europe. Mustafa Fazıl Pasha invited the New Ottomans, including Ziya Pasha, to Europe. Ziya Pasha goes to Paris with Namık Kemal. After a while, Ali Suavi joins them. Mustafa Fazıl Pasha had been living in Camp Elyees in Paris for two years and had a wide circle of people. Thus, from the first moment they arrived, the New Ottomans found themselves in an elite community around Mustafa Fazıl. The New Ottomans, who gathered under the chairmanship of Mustafa Fazıl, decided to publish two newspapers in Europe as a result of their meeting. One of them was Informant and the other was Hürriyet Newspaper. Ali Suavi would find the informant. Kemal and Ziya would bring freedom. Informers started to be produced, but when Ali Suavi Informer wrote articles that Kemal and Ziya did not like, they wanted the phrase "New Ottomans" in the Informer to be removed. Suavi did not remove the phrase, but Kemal and Ziya Hürriyet started to publish it in London on 29 June 1868 with the phrase New Ottomans. Before Hürriyet, Ziya Pasha wrote articles in Ulum, İnkılab, İttihad, Fecir and Muhbirde. But Hürriyet was the newspaper that he took care of the most, that he embraced regularly, and to which he gave the strongest opposition. Hürriyet Newspaper became an arena of ideas where Kemal and Ziya poured out their hearts to their nation, discussed and criticized the political events of the period, looked for ways out of the issues they criticized, explained how to save the State from disintegration, and showed patriotism at the highest level. Hürriyet Newspaper is a publication organ published by the New Ottomans Society, with their stamp, and where the ideas of the society are reflected in the Newspaper. The fact that it coincided with the period when the most modernization movements were carried out in the Ottoman Empire and the minority uprisings were most intense caused the intellectuals called New Ottomans to think about many issues and to publish the Hürriyet newspaper, which was the area where they best reflected their ideas on these issues. When we look at the information and issues that Hürriyet Newspaper brings to the public as fresh news, it is similar to today's Turkey. Especially the bad economy, the financial situation and the constant pressure from Europe the issue of debts is noteworthy. Hürriyet is an important first-hand source that will shed light on subsequent periods, as well as in its own era. There are especially important details about the internal and external issues of the Abdülaziz period. One of Ziya Pasha's most important goals in Hürriyet Newspaper is to enlighten the public, whom he claims do not know their rights, and to create public opinion about the innovations to be made through the Newspaper. Injustice, increasing cases of bribery and favoritism, the rebellion of minorities against the State, especially the mistakes made in the Crete Issue, and the Egypt Issue, which has been protracted due to the decisions taken by Ali Pasha, have a wide coverage in the Newspaper. The main goals of the New Ottomans are to put an end to the wrong practices of the Sublime Porte, its constantly compromising approaches to Europe, and the effects of Ali Pasha on the State, through a change. Parliaments are one of the most frequently covered topics in the newspaper. The main goal is to create a European-style parliamentary system. While doing this, they think about a system that includes the Sultan. The reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the purpose of the New Ottomans, the Greek Question, the situation in the Balkans, the Egyptian Question, the Tanzimat and Crete Question, as well as the situation of Education and the situation of Muslims and Non-Muslims are among the most frequently covered topics in the Newspaper. The poor economy of the Ottoman Empire, financial problems and debts are among the most frequently covered topics in the newspaper. Namık Kemal and Ziya Pasha, who conveyed the changes that the Ottoman Empire has undergone since the beginning of the 19th century and the reflection of this on the newspaper and the findings they made, appear to us today in the most beautiful way, are two individuals who are remembered with gratitude today. Since the newspaper was first financed by Mustafa Pasha, articles were written in the direction that he wanted, and later, with the financing of the Egyptian Khedive Ismail Pasha, articles were written in the direction that Ismail Pasha wanted. However, the ideas that were common to both financiers and the one who was targeted were the Sublime Porte. In order to understand the history of the New Ottomans, it is necessary to analyze and understand the Hürriyet newspaper well. Hürriyet Newspaper's Battle of the New Ottomans against the Sublime Porte It is the most concrete example of struggle and opposition. The most important goal of the newspaper is to raise public awareness about their rights and channel them in the direction they want. Because while wanting the administrative system to change, the envisaged republican regime and the parliamentary system needed to be known to the public the most. Since Hürriyet newspaper was the media organ of the new Ottomans, it included their views and ideas. The consultation procedure, the need to change laws and parliamentary issues are explained by giving examples from Europe. However, while Ziya Pasha does all this, he explains much more than dry imitation of Europe, without deviating from Islamic principles. Ali and Fuat Pasha received the most criticism from the bureaucracy and the Sublime Porte. The most important agenda items of the newspaper are the state's problems that go far beyond being chronic. The most disturbing situation is that state affairs are carried out with bribery, favoritism and inappropriate ways, and that the debts constantly received from Europe are not spent on state affairs and for the benefit of the people and are wasted in the hands of individuals. The decline of education and science and the training of unqualified statesmen are again one of the most important problems of the state. Some terms that the Turkish nation encountered for the first time, concepts such as national law, parliament and republic, were the first steps in creating today's political and social terminology. The topics in Hürriyet Newspaper covered both domestic and foreign issues. It is an important first-hand source because it is written in the heat of events. The purpose of Hürriyet is to provide a road map for the solution of domestic and foreign issues. They claim that they have no problems with individuals, but the fact that Ziya Pasha clearly expresses his hatred for Ali Pasha contradicts these words. Ziya Pasha's article Şür ve İnşaat in the 11th issue and his article Rüya, published in issues 68 and 69, also gave the newspaper a literary identity. Zaya Pasha, who spent his entire European life around the Hürriyet newspaper, took part in different positions after returning to Istanbul. However, when we evaluate his life in general, he could not fully achieve his goals while he was alive. But when evaluated in the long term, the republic, consultation, press. He left his mark on his own period with his works and ideas and shed light on the periods after him. Key Words: Hurriyet Newspaper, Ziya Pasha, Namık Kemal, Abdulaziz