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Tragic characteristics in Shakespeare`s Hamlet and Miller`s death a salesman
This thesis is a comparative study of William Shakespeare?s Hamlet, Prince ofDenmark and Arthur Miller?s Death of a Salesman in the context of their basic tragiccharacteristics and tragic evolution of these characteristics. It is also a comprehensiveanalysis on tragedy with its different dimensions. The analysis of two significant tragicplays, which are based on in this thesis as monumental representatives of the Elizabethanand modern periods in the historical background of tragedy as a literary form, enables torecognise the way on the basis of a tragic evolution. The focus of this study is theoriginality of these two tragic plays which makes them two of the most remarkableexamples of tragedy during the time. At the same time, William Shakespeare and ArthurMiller are focused as the two immoral playwrights with their basic contributions to tragedyin this thesis. While the Elizabethan tragedy mainly concerned with supernatural elements,divinity and relationships of members from upper class, the modern tragedy mainlyconcerned with realistic aspects of the life like economic crisis, social pressure on acommon man to be successful in the business life and simple relationships of commonpeople from middle class within a familial perspective. Briefly, this characteristic isessentially inferred from the whole discussion of this thesis among others as the moststriking tragic evolution between the Elizabethan and modern tragedy.
Bildungsroman'i yeniden yazmak: Jhumpa Lahiri'nin the Namesake ve The Lowland eserlerinin postkolonyal analizi
This study will analyze the cultural change and development of an identity in the novels of Indian-American author Jhumpa Lahiri, The Lowland and The Namesake, through exposing to an alien culture by immigration. The notion of dual identity, cultural colonialism, postcolonialism and the form of Bildungsroman will be discussed and analyzed in detail. The aim of this study is to underline that the concept of identity is not national or pre-given, and that it is an alterable and re-creatable notion through the cultural exchange and cultural differences. The cultural transformation and the development of identity of the first and second generation immigrants and the immigrant experience will be discussed in the light of Homi K. Bhabha's theories on identity, culture, cultural colonialism and the structure of Bildunsgroman which contributes to the notion of development as it depicts the life span of its protagonist.
Inept parents and confused children in Faulkner's novels
People?s personal development varies according to the family environment in which they live. The children raised by trust and love can adapt to the world easily while the ones who imprison themselves in their own private cages, judging the life cruelly. The novels of William Faulkner that I have analyzed, The Sound and The Fury, As I Lay Dying; Absalom, Absalom! tell the stories of confused children who seeks for themselves all through their lives. Key
Vergessen und erinnern: Die verankerung der vergangenheit in Uwe Timms werken
The aim of this study is examining the past in the novels of Uwe Timm, a Modern German Author, named "Morenga", "In My Brother's Shadow" and "Hot Summer", in terms of social, cultural and personal memory. In the introduction chapter of the dissertation, the studies made in relation with the social, cultural and personal memory and the questions and problems pertaining to the aim of the dissertation have been touched upon. The first chapter of the dissertation is comprised of the theories concerning the forgetting, the past, and the social memory. In this context, the theories of Maurice Halbwachs, Pierre Nora, Aleida Assmann and Jan Assmann, the most important figures of the memory researches have been explained and the theories which might have importance for the dissertation have been chosen. The second chapter of the dissertation, it is discussed how literature has become a means for the collective memory and the remembering, and has been emphasized on the functions and influences of literature in terms of remembering. Nevertheless in the same chapter, it is tried to be shown how the past has emerged and used in the modern literature. The third chapter of the dissertation is comprised of the chosen novels of Uwe Timm, namely "Morenga", "In My Brother's Shadow" and "Hot Summer". In the "Hot Summer" novel printed in 1974, the author handles how the uprising was experienced in Hamburg and Munich in 68s, how Ullrich has become an activist in 68 movements, and casts a light upon the challenging process suffered by Ullrich and accordingly by German youth, the claim of liberation, street fights and their manner towards Vietnam war. Uwe Timm has written up the entire past, namely the 68 generation, right after the movements and provided the actual and the fictional stories of the past together. "Morenga", printed in 1978, provides a novel foresight in the nature bearing witness to the history. The Author who wrote up about the war experienced between the occupying Germans and the native Hereros and Hottentots in Namibia, which was a South African colony of Germany in 1904, tells the story of Namibia that gained its freedom today and the guerrilla warfare that are still ongoing in other places; and lets us to handle all these events from a different angle. Considering his bond with the past in this novel of him, it is observed that the author casts a light upon 1904, from the perspective of 1978. In the semi-autobiographical work of Timm named "In the Shadow of my Brother" that was published in 2003, the author questions being a pro-Nazi through the letters his brother Karl-Heinz who died in Russian front, left behind and through the lines of the diary. The work is more likely as a book of settlement with the crime, conscience, personal and national history as well as the social memory of Germans. The author who illuminates 1943 Germany with the light of 2003 significantly contributed to the memorial literature with this work of him. The theories, which cast a light on the novels mentioned above and examined in the dissertation the best, have been chosen and scrutinized. The novels have been examined in terms of the theories emphasized and it has been examined how all these terms have emerged in the novels within the culture-scientific and literature-scientific context. In the fourth chapter of the dissertation, the relation between the literature and theory has been emphasized and it has been concluded that the theories are not any means explaining the literature. The theories and the literature bi-directionally illuminate each other. However, the literary work always precedes these theories since it is dynamic and vivid. In the last, conclusion chapter, a short summary has been provided and it is evaluated what kind of subjects have been touched upon and what kinds of conclusions have been reached.
Food, identity and black masculinity in African American chef memoirs written in the twenty-first century
This dissertation analyzes Jeff Henderson's Cooked: My Journey from Streets to the Stove (2008), Marcus Samuelsson's Yes, Chef (2012), Michael Twitty's The Cooking Gene: A Journey through African American Culinary History (2017), and Kwame Onwuachi's Notes from a Young Black Chef (2019) and examines their portrayal of the black chef. Written by African American chefs in the twenty-first century, the works provide an alternative reading of the intersections of food, identity, and black masculinity while narrating the culinary journeys of African American chefs. In their food memoirs, chefs give details of how they have developed a culinary interest and built their culinary careers upon their connection with food. In their works, the chefs redefine African and African American food and foodways as a significant element of black cultural identity. The chefs underline the significance of food culture in African American culture and define black cooks and chefs as leading figures who contribute to community-building. The memoirs also expose the racial and gendered discrimination the chefs have struggled with throughout their life and culinary journeys. The chefs critique the white hegemonic masculinity that defines the boundaries of ideal manhood in the mainstream culture and culinary masculinity in the kitchen culture. By focusing on the intersections of food studies and masculinity studies, this dissertation analyzes how African American chefs reconstruct African American food and foodways and the black male chef image. This study also examines how the chefs adopt narrative structures of autobiographical tradition in their memoirs to address the current issues concerning black subjectivity, black culinary culture, and black masculinity. In the contemporary period, black chefs as impactful social figures offer a progressive understanding of black culinary culture and black manhood with the black chef image portrayed in their life narratives.
Climate change and ecological economics in kim Stanley Robinson's forty signs of rain, Newyork 2140, and the ministry for the future
American science fiction author Kim Stanley Robinson depicts the devastating impact of neoliberal capitalism on climate change in his novels Forty Signs of Rain (2004), New York 2140 (2017), and The Ministry for the Future (2020). Environmental disasters induced by anthropogenic climate change pose a tremendous threat both now and in the near future. Examining the source of these disasters and threats as well as how mainstream economic practices are criticized in Kim Stanley Robinson's selected novels, this thesis proposes that advancements in science and technology, collective actions of citizens, and state-sponsored interventions will contribute to solving climate change-related issues. This thesis aims to examine Kim Stanley Robinson's views on the effects of a steady-state economy within the framework of ecological economics as an alternative to neoliberal capitalist economic models in mitigating the consequences of climate change. In the first chapter, Kim Stanley Robinson's critiques of the human impact on climate change are addressed through scientific research and capitalist economic policies that always aim to sustain economic growth. The second chapter explores how neoliberal capitalist economy practices influence climate change, the active role of science and technology in catastrophe management, the impact of collective actions, and the significance of the transition from the mainstream economic model to ecological economics. In the third chapter, the economic alternatives put forward by Kim Stanley Robinson to eliminate the destructive impacts of the neoliberal capitalist economy on climate change are evaluated, and these ecological economics-based praxes are analyzed within the framework of Herman Daly's steady-state economy. As a result, this thesis examines Kim Stanley Robinson's criticism of the relationship between climate change and neoliberal capitalist economy in his selected novels. Given these criticisms, it is claimed that the economic alternatives introduced by the author are based on the ecological economics model, and government-supported steady-state economy practices have an effective role in mitigating the impacts of the climate crisis and dealing with climate change.