Sultan II. Abdülhamid'in tasavvufla olan ilişkisi / Sultan II. Abdulhamid's relationship with sufism

This thesis aimed to study Sultan II. Abdulhamid's Relationship with Sufism. The study included facts about Sultan Abdul Hamid, the thirty-fourth Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, and the last sultan to role actual power. It must be noted here that sufism played a role in the life of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, and he was known for his religious beliefs and devotion to prayer. It is a sensitive topic and sheds light on the role that Sufi orders played in the Ottoman era. The role of Sufism in establishing belief and morals during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Just as Sufism is affected by the economic, social and cultural conditions of society, it also affects the entire social structure through its method of establishing doctrine and morals, through the Ottoman era and the religious cultural heritage. The importance of the study comes from the fact that it addresses and belongs to the field of historical studies in the Ottoman era, as it is based on a specific historical study presented during this period in multiple places or in one place, with the aim of defining the Ottoman theory, its advantages and limitations in that particular topic, and achieving the objectives of the study. The historical approach was followed when researching the role of Sufi orders in establishing belief and morals in the Ottoman era during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, and revealing Sufism, its meaning, structure, connotation and interpretation of the word. Sufism, and when the word Sufism was used, the internal factors for the emergence of Sufism. The external factors for the emergence of Sufism, the Ottoman Caliphate and its relationship with Sufism, the inauguration of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and his policy of reforming mosques and reforming Sufi orders. The study reached results, the most important of which are: The Sufi movement spread during the era of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century AD and included...different classes and was not limited to the class of beginners, but readers, social elites, and so on. There is no doubt that Islamic Sufism has gone through several historical phases, each with its own unique characteristics and personalities with distinctive qualities, to grow and develop further during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Sufism is attributed to the origin of Sufism. Behavior, worship, asceticism in this world, sincerity in worship, avoidance of forbidden things, struggle with oneself, and frequent remembrance of God go back to the era of the Messenger and his era. On the authority of the Companions, it derives its origins and branches from the teachings of the Islamic religion derived from the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. Keywords: Sufism. Ottoman era. Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Historical study.