Ferazdak'ın şiirindeki sarf ve nahiv olguları

GRAMMATICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PHENOMENA IN THE POETRY OF AL-FARAZDAQ ABSTRACT This study examines the grammatical and morphological phenomena in al-Farazdaq's poetry, one of the most prominent poets of the Umayyad period who helped shape the features of the traditional poetic language. The significance of this study lies in its treatment of a topic of considerable scholarly value in an influential poet such as al-Farazdaq. The central research problem lies in conducting a linguistic analysis that has not previously been presented in this particular manner concerning the grammatical and morphological features of his poetry. The study aims to analyze the syntactic and morphological structures employed in his verse, to determine the extent of his adherence to the normative rules established in classical works of grammar, and to trace instances of regulated deviation from these norms, whether under the influence of poetic necessity or the dialectal variations prevalent in his era. The study proceeds by documenting and analyzing each phenomenon, and interpreting it in light of the positions of leading grammarians such as al-Khalīl (d. 170/786), Sībawayh (d. 180/796), al-Mubarrad (d. 285/897), Abū ʿAlī al-Fārisī (d. 377/987), Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1001), and Ibn Mālik (d. 672/1273), among others—whether the poetic evidence was explicitly addressed by these scholars in relation to al-Farazdaq's poetry, or newly extracted by the present researcher. The findings indicate that al-Farazdaq's grammatical and morphological style is characterized by a balance between, on the one hand, strict adherence to the established grammatical principles, and on the other, openness to the possibilities afforded by poetic necessity. His practice demonstrates a conscious control of syntactic structures and a linguistic flexibility that avoided unwarranted affectation or unjustifiable irregularity. The study is organized into five main chapters: a preliminary chapter outlining the rise of Arabic grammar; the first chapter explores al-Farazdaq's life, poetry, and his impact on Arabic grammar; the second chapter focuses on grammatical phenomena in his works; the third chapter focuses on morphological phenomena; and the fourth chapter discusses the concept of poetic necessity, the grammarians' positions on it, and its application—albeit briefly—in al-Farazdaq's poetry. The study concludes with a summary of the principal findings. Keywords: Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Al-Farazdaq, grammar, morphology, phenomena.