Dârekutnî'nin ʿel-ilelü'l-vâride fi'l-eḥâdîs̱i'n-Nebeviyye'sinde geçen Saîd el-Makbürî'nin illetli rivayetlerinin analizi

Scholars have stipulated many conditions for the hadith to be authentic, including the absence of ʿIlla kadiha, "defects" or "hidden flaws" that might affect their authenticity. Since the inception of narration and classification of hadith books, scholars have been interested in explaining the affecting and non-affecting ʿIlal of hadiths. Several books have been written about this, including: The book "Al-'Ilal al-warida fi al-ahadith an-nabawiyyah" by Imam Ali bin Omar ad-Dāraqutnī (d. 385 AH/995 AD), In it, he was asked about "defects" or "hidden flaws" of many narrations, and he explained their chains, revealed their faults, and sometimes stopped judging some of them. The famous Tabi'i Sa'id al-Maqburi is considered one of medârs (common link) on which many hadiths have come through him. He narrated on the authority of the companions and the successors, and there was disagreement among his students regarding his narrations. This research studies the narrations of Imam Sa'īd bin Kaysan al-Maqburī - (d. 123 AH/740 AD) - which are being labelled as mu'all by the disagreement over him by his students in this book. whether ad-Dāraqutnī declared the disagreement after Sa'īd al-Maqburī or not, or the disagreement after him is understood from the context of the narration, Sa'īd Al-Maqburi's narrations in the book al-ʿIlal by ad-Dāraqutnī reached fifty-one narrations without repetition, and with repetition they reached fifty-seven narrations. The problem of this research lies in understanding ad-Dāraqutnī's comments and his general rulings on the narrations, whether they are preferable, halting, or otherwise. In this research, I have followed the inductive, analytical, critical, comparative approach in studying these comments by appling the methods of the narrations and their narrators, citing the sayings and rulings of hadith critics and ʿIlal scholars for them, and explaining what is correct in that depending on the principles of the sciences of ʿIlal, al-Jarh and al-Ta'deel (Criticism and Justification), on the evidence and strong probabilities that will emerge as a result of the research. The research reached important results, including: the classes of narrators (tabakât ar-ruwat) on the authority of Sa'īd al-Maqburī when they differed, after examining their narrations and the extent of their differences and agreement in the book "Al-Ilal". The research also showed that the rulings of the scholars of al-Jarh and al-Ta'deel on the narrators on the authority of Sa`id al-Maqburi are relative and not always consistent. The research also concluded that ad-Dāraqutnī used different expressions in ruling on hadiths, some of which indicate certainty about the authenticity of the narration or the predominance of zan belief of its authenticity in some other narrations.