According to the population register of 1841, Kale-i Tavas district

Censuses were conducted in the Ottoman Empire to determine the military situation and tax revenues. These censuses provided access to a lot of information such as the economic situation of a region (through the professions they provided their livelihoods), the religion, race, age, disability status, and demographic structure of the population. Since the initial censuses were conducted to address the shortage in the military, only the male population was included in the count. These initial censuses laid the foundation for prioritizing only population (women, men, married, single) in the census conducted in the Republic Era in 1927. The Muslim Register (29.12.1256) of the Tavas Yarangüme Subdistrict of the Menteşe Sanjak of the Aydın Province, numbered 3177 in the Presidential State Archives of the Republic of Turkey, was used as the main source in this study. The reason for choosing this region and this register is to be able to make comparisons by years with the studies conducted by Mübahat Kütükoğlu. The register consists of 1057 pages, with Hırka village listed first. In the population register, 46 villages are listed without following a specific order. First, the historical background of the region to which the register belongs is provided from ancient times to the present day. Then, the village data obtained through transcription is presented in a general table format, followed by comparisons with some data obtained from Kütükoğlu. The villages of Nefs-i Tavas and Yarangüme, which served as centers in the region according to the archive document, were examined; nicknames, physical characteristics, age, profession, and disability status were emphasized. Data related to other villages were only presented through general tables. The archive document from 1841 was compared with studies obtained from archive documents from 1830 and 1844. It was found that the number of villages did not match, and some villages were not included in the register, while there was no significant difference in the population numbers. Similarly, it was observed that the same number of multiple nicknames matched. Keywords: Population Register, Population Structure of Kale-i Tavas, Tavas