Melancholy in the 19th century Western Europan literature and painting

Throughout the centuries, philosophy, medicine, theology, psychiatry, literature and many disciplines, such as a picture by taking up the issue, examined the concept of melancholy, with each other in the historical process of conflicting definitions. Duality incorporates this concept, even in today's world is not a single consensus agreed upon definition of glamour and mystery, located in the center of art and other disciplines. Throughout the history of art, expressed in many ways, the first time the existence of the written culture a sense of melancholy, the same one God in the Homeric epic, tragic fate with its heroes. Melancholy is the first medical point of view, was carried out by Hippocrates in ancient times. The idea agreed, melancholic character's planet is Saturn, the season is autumn. Aristotle, however, affirmed the melancholy with associating it by heroism and genius. Unhappy because of boredom at arrival in the middle ages, melancholics were seen as lazy, sinner and potential layout destructivers. In this period especially the mournful monks which is suffering from the melancholy disorder or, clergymen took part in this era's works of arts within pain and grief. In the Renaissance melancholy, associated with the creative personality just like as Aristotle's. When in the Age of Enlightenment, which is taken to the forefront of the mind and try to unravel all scientific means, this concept discussed together with madness, and the melancholics have seen like ready eaters, useless to society and that's why they were closed down behind the bars. This research examines the concept of melancholy's appearance in the 19th-century literature and art of paintings. In very variable structure is the melancholy, beside identified in the19th-century medical scholarly world side as a disease, in an interesting way in the art of Western European art and literature has gained a poetic dimension. In this century, subjectivity and intense emotions come into prominence, and the artists of the century drew melancholic's portrait, seen in a large space, immersed in deep thought, mournful because of probable loss, desperate, as grieving individuals. Especially focusing on the mental state of an individual's inner world the 19th-century Pre-Raphael artists, personalized the aestheticized anguish and melancholy in a manner that has not been seen before. After the 19th century the majority of individuals who run to keep pace with emerging technology and changing life conditions with increasing industrialization, have sought to deal with mental distress. This manifest of the Melancholy in the modern era, can also be read as a mood, which is occurring in, that cannot keep up with the fast pace of the metropolis life, incompatible who do not want to keep up with, alienated individuals. And the concept of melancholy which humanity's investigating for centuries and could not provide a consensus on, had continued to take place in the wake of the 19th-century artist's works as one of the basic issues which dealt in.