Participatory art and methods of production in İstanbul after 1990

Under the title "Participatory Art And Methods Of Production İn Istanbul After 1990," this thesis examines Participatory Art practices by focusing on the antithesis/opposition between individualism-societalism and by presenting its historical development. It further explores the criticism and methods developed from the beginning of the 20th century that stand against the individual understanding of modernism in a timeline extending from Romanticism to the present day. Criticism and methods that build on concepts like individual-centered, genius, originality and uniqueness, mysticism (enigmatic) that progress in a vertical hierarchy against the Modernist understanding of Art aimed at transforming the audience into a participant within the art-audience relationship and at a pluralist, democratic, egalitarian, collective, participative hierarchy by dissolving this structure. Ultimately, this thesis aims to explore the traces of Marxist-inclined participation after 1968 and in the context of Turkey / Istanbul after 1990.