The development of Automatism in the art movements of Surrealism and abstract Expressionism in the 20th century

In the thesis titled "The Development of Automatism in the Art Movements of Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism in the 20th Century," the effects of 20th-century wars and industrial revolutions on human psychology and the manifestation processes of these effects are examined. Since the research subject is psychological in nature, an essentially abstract concept has been embodied through the works using psychoanalyst techniques. Under the guidance of free association, the artists revealed the subconscious through automatism, a psychic concept. Some artists from the Surrealist and Abstract Expressionist movements broke free from the mind's audit and adopted automatism, which we can define as unconsciousness, unpredictability, improvisation, chance, and automation activities. They demonstrated the philosophy underlying their methods based on this understanding by emphasizing, which ensured the complete individualization of art. These methods are the key to the path to the subconscious from the conscious. Since every artist develops their own methods and techniques during this journey, which is called catharsis, only the application of certain techniques is included in the thesis with a descriptive expression. Within this context, these works, which share no common ground in terms of shape, even within their own movements, are critical in terms of liberalizing art by displaying a common philosophical stance. Keywords: Abstract Expressionism, Automatism, Free Association, Randomness, Surrealism