Refugee problem in 21th century European Literature (Im Krebsgang, Gehen, Ging, Gegangen, Djadi, Flüchtlingsjunge and De Ontelbaren)

This study focuses on the insights in the Im Krebsgang by Günter Grass, Gehen, Ging, Gegangen by Jenny Erpenbeck, Djadi, Flüchtlingsjunge by Peter Härtling and De ontelbaren by Elvis Peeters on the refugee problem, one of the most important and current sociological problems of the world, as presented in the literary works by employing comparative approach. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the multidimensional components of the refugee problem, a humanitarian plight which has become a global crisis and requires urgent solutions, in the light of the insights in the aforementioned literary works. The study aims to determine especially the development of immigration due to the war since Second World War and to identify the problems still faced by refugees, as well as to propose solutions. The extent to which the fictional universe created in the literary works represents the refugee problem experienced in the real world will be explored. As presented in the works to be analyzed, despite a wide variety of security institutions in the world, millions of people are fighting for their lives and suffering in severe pain. It will be investigated why the laws, expected to put an order to the human lives, are the biggest obstacle to the life, and alternative solutions will be proposed for what must be done. This study will also present an example for Turkey, hosting millions of refugees, in order to face the refugee problem. The study, aimed to contribute to the solutions for the refugee problem, will focus on the historical development of the immigration in the legal, social and political platforms. The different types of immigrations will be discussed and the immigration due to the war will be emphasized. The scope and the adequacy of agreements signed in the Europe concerning the refugees, starting from the Geneva Convention will be discussed. In order to reach a more positive point, new solutions will be proposed with the synthesis and evaluation of the criticisms made in the literature research. The refugee problem will be analyzed with an interdisciplinary approach. The problem will be examined from legal, philosophical, economic, cultural, political, sociological and psychological aspects. Solutions for major problems such as integration, marginalization and alienation will be sought. At the same time, the theoretical aspect of the comparative literature will be analyzed. The relationship between literature and other disciplines (sociology, history, ideology) will be examined. By applying theory to the analysis in the literary works, the theory will gain a practical direction.