Political cleavages in the army after the May 27 Revolution

Military interventions have affected and continue to affect the political life of many countries. There were a lot of military interventions in political life of Turkey. The first of these interventions is the 27 May 1960 Revolution. The foundation of the May 27 Revolution dates back to 1954. By 1954, the ruling Democrat Party government began to exhibit oppressive and undemocratic attitudes, according to soldiers. Since most of the generals in the upper echelons consisted of supporters of the Democrat Party, the revolution organizations that began within the army were mostly composed of young officers. Before the intervention, the young officers reached an agreement to overthrow the ruling Menderes Government and to implement reforms that establishment the democracy in country. But in their minds there were different opinions about what would they did after the revolution. They fall into disagreement about which reforms should did and how these reforms did. However, they suspended these disagreements after the revolution because of beware split of revolution organizations. On May 27, 1960, military intervention has been realized by violating the hierarchical structure of the army, overthrown the ruling Democratic Party government and replaced by the National Unity Committee consisting of revolutionary soldiers. General Cemal Gürsel took the head of the committee and the country. However, the National Unity Committee was mostly under the influence of Colonel Alparslan Türkeş and the soldiers who merging around the same notion with him. This situation changed over time and fourteen soldiers involved in the intervention, including Alparslan Türkeş, were dismissed from their duties in the National Unity Committee and exiled abroad. In addition, some other events like sudden obligatory overnight retirement of many officers in the army and revolution attempt of Colonel Talat Aydemir cause the army to disintegrate within itself. On the night of May 27, the army dragged itself into a major disintegration of its own by the military intervention, which it claimed in the cause of to save the country from the fragmentation.