Investigation of the effect of the 6 February 2023 earthquakes on the altitude change in the Adıyaman Tut district using a digital elevation model produced from Göktürk-1 data

Earthquakes are a crucial study area because of their profound impact on the land. Understanding the changes they bring is vital not only for planning future urban development and assessing damages but also for advancing our knowledge in this field. The analysis of these changes can be done by ground measurements or by using satellite images, one of the conveniences of today's technology. The 7.7 Mw and 7.6 Mw earthquakes that affected Turkey and Syria at 04:17 and 13:24 on February 6, 2023, affected our country's Adana, Adıyaman, Batman, Bingöl, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kayseri, A total of seventeen provinces, including Kilis, Malatya, Mardin, Niğde, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa, and Tunceli, were negatively affected. In this context, it was aimed to analyze the elevation changes seen in the land in Tut District and its surroundings in Adıyaman province during the earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023. For this purpose, the height was determined by comparing the digital elevation model (DEM) data produced from the Göktürk-1 stereo images shot on 10.11.2020 in the pre-earthquake period of the Adıyaman region and the DEM data produced from the Göktürk-1 stereo images shot on 25.02.2024 in the post-earthquake period. The changes were analyzed. In addition, elevation changes were analyzed by comparing the DEMs produced and the ground control points (GCP), whose coordinates were determined by terrestrial geodetic measurements in the region before the earthquake. In addition, accuracy analyses were expanded with the 12 m spatial resolution digital terrain model (DTM12) data produced by the General Directorate of Mapping (HGM) with the remote sensing technique and presented to researchers. In the analyses made on the accuracy of DEM data produced from Göktürk-1 satellite images, DEM data produced from images from the pre-earthquake periods were compared separately with 17 GCPs and TREx data. When comparing DEM produced from images from the pre-earthquake period with 17 GCPs, the RMSE value was 3.21 m, and in comparison with TREx, the RMSE value is 5.27 m. The accuracy analysis of the TREx data provided was made with 17 GCPs, and the RMSE value was 1.28 m. In the analysis conducted to investigate the effect of the February 6, 2023, earthquake on the change in topography with DEM data produced from Göktürk-1 stereo satellite images before and after the earthquake, when the DEM data produced from Göktürk-1 satellite images taken before and after the earthquake were compared at 3998 randomly selected points using the gridding method, the root mean square error (RMSE) value was 5.54 m, and at 100 randomly selected points using the gridding method in regions where the slope was less than 30%. When they are compared, the RMSE value is 0.34 m. When compared, the RMSE value is 0.06 m at 100 points randomly selected by the gridding method in regions with a slope between 30% and 60%. When they were compared at each point, the RMSE value was found to be 0.03 m. When they were compared among themselves at 100 points randomly selected by the gridding method in the residential area, the RMSE value was determined to be 0.26 m. When they were compared among themselves at 100 points randomly selected by the gridding method in the non-residential region, the RMSE value was determined as 0.21 m. It was determined as. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the February 6 earthquake caused significant elevation changes in the topography. In regions where the slope was greater than 60%, it caused fewer elevation changes in the topography than in regions with less than 60%. On the other hand, it has been determined that the performance of DEM produced from Göktürk-1 satellite images is compatible with previous studies in the literature.