The antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds analyses of Achillea biserrata and Hyssopus officinalis species

This thesis is designed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activities of the hexane,chloroform, water extracts and essential oils obtained from Achillea biserrata M. Biebbelong to Asteraceae and Hyssopus officinalis L. ssp. angustifolius belong to Lamiaceaefamilies. Following this total phenolic, flavonoid, proanthocyanidine and anthosiyanidconstituents of the active extracts were determined. Aerial parts of dried plant materialswere extracted employing solvents with different polarity and extract yields weredetermined.Two different test methods were employed for the measurment of antioxidantactivity. Free radical scavenging activity was measured with DPPH method and inhibitionof the oxidation was measured with ß?carotene-linoleic acid method. Synthetic antioxidantbuthylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) was used as positive control in both tests.In DPPH method, water extracts exhibited high free radical scavenging action.However, in ß-caroten-linoleic acid method hexane and chloroform extracts showed higheractivity. Although essential oils exhibit low activity their chemical compositions weredetermined by GC-MS and GC-FID analysis.Phenolic constituents of the extract which have antioxidant activity were determinedby different methods. Gallic acid equivalent total phenolic constituents were determined byusing Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and it was found that water extracts of Achillea biserrata(3.39%) and Hyssopus officinalis (4.70%) had higher total phenolics. Flanonoid content ofAchillea biserrata and Hyssopus officinalis were found 1.12% and 1.30%, respectively.While methanol-water extract of Achillea biserrata had the highest proantocyanidincontent (7125 mg/L), chloroform extract of Hyssopus officinalis was the highest (10250mg/L). Antosiyanin amounts were high in chlorofom extracts of both plant species.Composition and the quantification of the phenolic compounds were determined byHPLC.