Investigation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of achillea teretifolia willd.

In this study, it is aimed to investigate antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of Achillea teretifolia Willd. extracts. On this way, the extracts were analysed for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity by agar well difussion, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and phenolic content detection with Folin-Ciocalteu reactive. Cytotoxic effects of the extracts were detected by 3-(4,5-dimetilthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-difeniltetrazolium bromid (MTT) method on HeLa (Cervix cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), DU145, PC-3 (prostate cancer) and human gingival fibroblast (HFG) cells and also by propidium iodide (PI), 4',6-diamidino-2-fenylindole (DAPI) and 3,3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6) fluorescence dyes. Active caspase-9 and poli ADP ribose polimerase (PARP) proteins were investigated by Western blotting in cytotoxic extracts. According to the results, only methanol extract had antimicrobial effect against some bacteria. In antioxidant result, methanol extract had higher DPPH scavenging effect and phenolic content than water extract. Although the extracts at 0,001-25 ?g/ml concentration range had no cytotoxic effects on PC-3 and DU145 in 24 hours, they were effective on MCF-7 (IC50>100?g/ml) and HeLa (methanol IC50: 0,0055±0,0040 ?g/ml, water IC50: 0,10±0,05 ?g/ml). As a result of treatment with higher concentrations of the extracts on PC-3 and DU145, there was cytotoxic effects of the extracts on PC-3 (water IC50:1,30±0,03 mg/ml, methanol IC50:0,35±0,06 mg/ml) and DU145 (water IC50:1,30±0,05 mg/ml, methanol IC50:0,40±0,05 mg/ml). Water had no cytotoxic effect on HGF, but according to concentrations, methanol in 48 hours had cytotoxic effects. In fluorescence dyes and Western blotting results, methanol extract had an apoptotic effect activating PARP and caspase-9 enzymes on HeLa cell line. As a consequence, it is detected that HeLa was the most sensitive cell line and in all of the experiments, methanol extract was more effective than water extract.