Occult viral diseases in emergency department (HBV, HCV and HIV prevalance in emergency department patients)

AIM: In this study, we have performed randomly HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV tests in patients who admitted to the Adult Emergency Department of Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine Şahinbey Research and Practice Hospital between 01.10.2018 and 01.12.2018 to determine the rate of occult chronic viral diseases. MATERIAL AND METHOD: HBsAg, Anti HCV and Anti-HIV tests were randomly performed to healthy adult patients who applied to the Emergency Department, for any reason, between 01.10.2018-01.12.2018 and there patients did not know if there was any contagious viral disease. Examination results were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 and AMOS programs. RESULTS: : 800 patients who admitted Gaziantep University Şahiney Research and Practice Hospital Adult Emergency Department between 01.10.2018-01.12.2018 and without any defined viral infectious diseases were included in this study. HBsAg, Anti HCV, Anti HIV tests of blood samples of the patients were studied. The mean age of patients was 32,7 ±16,9 and the female/male ratio was 54,2% / 45,8%. As a result of the study, HBsAg positivity and Anti-HCV positivity were found as 2% and 0,8%. HIV positive patient were not found. Of patients, 16,3% had a previously surgery, 23,3% had a concomitantly chronic disease and 21,9% had a chronic drug (medication) use. All patients dennied chronic alcohol/narcotic drug use. Just 8% of patients were social drinker. 5,6% patient recieved blood transfusion previously. The question of viral positive homemate ratio results were; 8 patients of HBV (1%), 4 patients (0,5%) of HCV. The rate of vaccination againsts HBV was 15,5%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: After routine HBV vaccination of children since 1998 in Turkey, the non occurance of HBV positivity shows the success of vaccination. Therefore, it is predicted that the prevelance of HBV will decrease in the following years. There is no significant change in prevalance of HCV compared to previous years due to lack of any protective vaccines for HCV. For prevention of house transmisison a social awareness should be constructed until the development of vaccines for HCV is obtained. Although HIV is rarely seen in our country, it is still an important public health issue today. Although HBV/HCV/HIV frequency seem to be low in our study, health care providers should fully do the personal protection methods due to the high risk of transmission. KEY WORDS: Emergency medicine, HBV, HCV, HIV, Chronic, Viral.