Designs and thermodynamic analysis of geothermal based energy system for Afyonkarahisar province

Today, with the increase in the world population, the need for energy is increasing day by day. The tendency to renewable energy sources has increased due to the inability to renew fossil fuels, cost, negative environmental and atmospheric effects. Hydroelectric, wind, solar, geothermal, wave and biomass resources are examples of renewable energy resources. In addition to being a continuous energy source, geothermal energy from renewable energy sources; It is one of the most important energy sources as it is cheap, clean, environmentally friendly and offers almost zero emissions. In addition to these features, geothermal energy stands out as an alternative with its applicability to different areas of use. Geothermal energy is preferred in many areas such as electricity generation, heating and cooling, greenhouse cultivation, chemical and mineral production. Our country is one of the countries with rich geothermal resources due to its location on the Alpine-Himalayan tectonic belt. Afyonkarahisar province has a rich structure in terms of geothermal energy and is the second largest geothermal field in Turkey. There are a total of four geothermal fields within the provincial borders, namely "Ömer-Gecek", "Gazlıgöl", "Hüdai" and "Heybeli". The geothermal fields of Afyonkarahisar province pass between the geothermal fields with low temperature values. Medium and low temperature geothermal energy sources (below 150°C) can be used directly as heat energy in the residential and industrial sectors. The active uses of the Ömer-Gecek field geothermal resource in Afyonkarahisar province have been examined and alternative production options are suggested. There are 11 active wells in Ömer-Gecek field and the temperatures of the geothermal water coming out of these wells are between 80-120 °C. Electricity generation at this site is made by the Organic Rankine Cycle and the installed power is equivalent to 2.76 MWe. The production of geothermal energy creates fluid motion and heat dissipation by activating hydrodynamic and hydrothermal mechanisms. Modeling of the geothermal reservoir can be done by expressing these mechanisms mathematically with differential equations and applying the parameters and appropriate boundary conditions based on the conceptual model of the geothermal reservoir. In this thesis, a detailed diagram of the Ömer-Gecek geothermal field was drawn and the mass, energy, entropy and exergy balance equations for each flow were solved with the help of the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) program. In addition, detailed diagrams for the operation of this geothermal field with cogeneration, trigeneration and multigeneration methods were drawn and mass, energy, entropy and exergy analyzes were made. By using the analyzes made, these methods were compared with the existing system. As a result of the study, it has been seen that the efficiency of the proposed multigeneration, trigeneration and cogeneration systems is high and different outputs can be obtained by using Afyonkarahisar geothermal resources.