Ahşap-cam kompozit yapı elemanlarının küçük ölçekli numuneler düzeyinde deneysel bir inceleme

Building has a major and long-term impact on the cultural, social and economic aspects of our society, as well as the appearance of our urban and rural environments. But now besides the architecture, the building forms, the engineering criteria of materials and structures, building must also consider the ecological characteristics with a growing environmental awareness. In the light of this, building and the future role of timber in our buildings must be re-examined. On the other side, it is well known that the presence of natural sunlight improves the health of the persons living or working in buildings, why the possibility to increase the glass surface in buildings. By the use of load bearing timber-glass composite elements, it is possible to use timber as a natural, ecological material and glass as a transparent material together. Also, it is necessary to develop design and bonding joints. The unique combination of timber products with glass components will also request deeper investigations regarding the interfaces and the compatibility. The main issue is optimising a composite system by using the best characteristics of each material in order to develop and advance a high competitive composite building system. This research intends to develop the timber-glass load bearing elements, taking into consideration experimental studies on small-sized specimens and long term behavior of medium-sized specimens. Small-sized experiments include durability and mechanical strength tests. The aim of these tests is to investigate the behavior of adhesion and the properties of timber-structural silicone joints in order to understand the failure modes and strength of this bonding. For this purpose, adhesion and shear strength tests on the timber-glass small-sized specimens were carried out in order to investigate the adhesion strength. Durability tests that were done in order to investigate the behavior of the material under the effect of accelerated aging. The aim of these tests is to determine the effects of environmental conditions on the mechanical properties and volume stability of the timber-glass composites. Durability tests include: Wetting-drying, freezing-thawing, UV-light, resistance to high temperature, resistance to acids tests. Influence of the durability tests on strengths was measured afterwards. In most of these tests, it has been concluded that, water settles in the upper level of the timber, deforming the inner structure of it by swelling and shrinking. As is known, transparency is one of the significant features of modern architecture. This thesis specifies the possibility of employing glass as a load-bearing element. In order to be able to use this material as part of the building structure it is essential to know its long-term behaviour under various conditions like different temperatures, environmental impacts or the load duration. This purpose is achieved by the medium-sized experiment. With the purpose of evaluating the behavior of the bonding between timber and glass materials, this experimental test has been carried out at the campus of Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture. The aim of medium size test is to determine the creep behavior of timber-glass composite elements under long-term loading at outdoor conditions. For the specimens, birch plywood, tempered soda-lime glass and two-component silicone adhesive were used. L-sectioned timber elements were bonded to the both sides of the glass by silicone adhesive. Eight medium size specimens were exposed to long-term loading at exterior conditions. The experimental setup for long-term loading was prepared in the form of wooden boxes. Loading of the specimens were performed by filling the wooden container with sand. Timber-glass composite specimens were attached to the loading boxes. The specimens were loaded under two different long term load levels. During the test, vertical displacement of the glass was recorded once a day. The results show displacement of glass in the specimens with higher load is more than specimens with lower load. Also, the little displacements of the medium-size specimens, is an appropriate result for using the elements in the structures of buildings. Furthermore, possible architectural design applications of timber and glass as composite structural materials are provided in this thesis. The pilot projects which have been designed are kiosk, resting place, tourist information center and canopy. Initiation of pilot projects will provide the possibility to experience the practicality and applicability of developed composite systems, and create different design and application solutions. The research also includes the questionnaire method to explore Turkish market for this product. In order to the new product take a place between other structural systems timber and glass questionnaires were performed. The intention of this study is to contribute to the knowledge required for the industry to be willing to produce timber-glass components for the market. As a result, many timber and glass industries have stated that timber-glass composite structural elements can have high load-bearing capacity. Also, according to the timber companies reviews, if the operation of timber can be controlled and disadvantageous properties of glass can be prevented, timber-glass composite can be a structural element with high strength. The research of thesis is began with the study on the properties of timber, glass materials and the adhesives which hold materials together to form timber-glass composite elements. The experiments, pilot projects and questionnaires are explained afterwards.