Maritime accidents in the Mediterranean and maritime insurance practices in the Ottoman period

This study examines how the legacy of world maritime history influenced Ottoman maritime practices and explores the nature of maritime accidents in the Mediterranean during the Ottoman period, along with the historical development of the maritime insurance system. Throughout history, maritime activities have held strategic importance in economic, military, and cultural contexts. The Mediterranean region has long served as a vital crossroads for various civilizations, facilitating trade, interaction, and conflict. With its emergence as a dominant power in the region from the 14th century onward, the Ottoman Empire made significant advances in naval organization, shipbuilding, and maritime technology. However, the increasing volume of sea traffic brought about a rise in maritime accidents, resulting in substantial losses of life and property, thereby necessitating the development of regulatory measures. In this context, maritime insurance gained importance for both economic sustainability and commercial security, prompting states to implement various precautions. Rather than directly adopting Western models, the Ottoman Empire adapted the insurance system to its own religious and social framework. Especially following the Tanzimat reforms, the activities of European insurance companies within the Empire led to the institutionalization of insurance practices, which were subsequently integrated into the Ottoman legal system. This study evaluates maritime history, Ottoman naval practices, and the social, economic, and legal dimensions of maritime accidents. It also explores the role of maritime activities in the Ottoman administrative structure, considering shipyards, vessel types, and technological advancements. In doing so, the study aims to analyze the evolution of maritime insurance as a response to the risks inherent in Ottoman seafaring.