Smard grid and investigation of phasor measurement optimal placement on grid

Energy consumption is one of the most important indicators that are used to show the development level of countries. Transmission and distribution networks of the developed and developing countires become more complex as the energy demand increases. Blackouts experienced in the power systems show that the grids can not be monitored or controlled satisfactorily. Therefore, a transition from classical grids tos mart grids is necessary. Smart grids enable the synchronised collection and comparison of data. Phasor measurement units (PMU) are the most promising devices to monitor and control the grid. Remotely placed PMUs are synchronized through GPS, allowing the synchronized collection of data. As a result instantenous current, voltage and phase angle values are measured and compared with great accuracy and resolution. However, it is costly to place PMU devices everywhere, and therefore obtaining maximum monitoring data with minimum number of devices is very crutial. In this thesis smart grid systems and PMUs that are becoming widespread are investigated, and the question of how maximum monitoring would be possible with minimum number of PMU devices is addressed. Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) software that is included in MATLAB was used to determine where to place PMU units and how many units are necessary. The results obtained by applying the Depth Method, the Graph Theory Method, the Simulated Annealing Method and the Minimum Spanning Tree Method are were compared.