Power flow analysis of AC/DC hybrid energy systems in smart grids

Creating an efficient, safe, environmentally friendly energy management at all stages of electrical energy, starting from the generation stage to the transmission, distribution and consumption stages, has revealed the concept of smart grid. AC/DC hybrid energy is that type of systems that use two or more energy generation methods. Power flow analysis constitutes the basis of the analysis and design of electrical energy systems. The power flow analysis aims to provide sufficient, reliable, high-quality, cost-effective and uninterrupted power to all consumption facilities. In the present study, a 24-hour power flow analysis was performed in a 13 bus AC system by using variable renewable distributed sources and variable loads. As a result of the analysis, voltage, active, reactive and complex power graphs of the buses were obtained. Later, the hybrid 13 bus AC/DC test system with voltage source converters (VSC) in the literature was designed on the Matlab platform and the power flow analysis of this system was made. The results in this present study were compared with other results in the literature. Thus, the accuracy of the proposed hybrid 13 bus AC/DC test system power flow algorithm has been proved. Then, 13 bus AC/DC test system and 13 bus AC system were compared in terms of line losses. Finally, a new hybrid AC/DC system was designed using the IEEE 33 bus RDS (Radial Distribution Systems) test system. For this proposed new system, power flow analysis was performed using Newton-Raphson and Gauss-Seidel iteration methods. The results were compared and interpreted.