Smart street lighting control in smart cities

Street lighting plays a vital role in public infrastructure, whether in urban or rural areas, by providing clear visibility at night. This not only enhances convenience for society but also promotes safety and security. However, streetlights consume a significant amount of energy, as they operate throughout the night. Therefore, it is crucial to find ways to reduce energy consumption. One promising solution is the use of smart street lighting systems that incorporate Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to optimize energy usage. This thesis demonstrates how smart street lighting can be controlled using the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth-enabled ESP32 chip, which is preferred in many applications. The ESP32 is programmed to communicate via a mesh network between the lamps and generate pulse width modulation (PWM) signals to adjust the light level. The system is using the MQTT protocol with the Adafruit IO platform to communicate with a web server that is compatible with Adafruit IO. This web server publishes all the parameter values used in the system on the Adafruit IO platform through the MQTT protocol and sends them to the devices that subscribe. This way, it is possible to monitor and control the data in the system in real-time. The system also includes a DHT11 sensor to monitor the environmental conditions around the street lamp, measuring both temperature and humidity levels. The system is designed to charge the batteries through the use of solar panels, which provide the necessary energy for the system to operate. The system can automatically turn on and off street lights by detecting the transition of objects such as vehicles and people with a PIR motion sensor. With this sensor, the system can follow the movement of objects.