Investigation of pre-service teachers' safety expectations in smartphones in the context of safety by design

In this research, it is aimed to reveal the safety expectations of pre-service teachers in the design of smartphones, to develop a measurement tool in this regard and to examine the expectations in terms of eight variables as follows: gender, generation, department group, main purpose of smartphone use, operating system, number of smartphones used, smartphone replacement frequency and smartphone segment preference. Focus group discussions, scale development process and scale application constitute the stages of the research. The universe of the research consists of pre-service teachers who continue their education at state universities in Turkey in the 2020-2021 academic year. Both qualitative and quantitative, the participants of all data collection phases of the research consist of pre-service teachers who continue their education at two universities (Anadolu, Osmangazi) in Eskişehir province. According to the results of the research, the theme of "information security improvements" comes first in terms of pre-service teachers' safety expectations in design. The final "Safety Expectations in the Design of Smartphones Scale (SEitDoSS)" consists of 21 items and five factors (user-specific expectations, device-specific expectations, integration expectations, health-specific expectations and support expectations). According to the scale application, pre-service teachers' safety expectations in the design of smartphones are generally high. There was a significant difference in at least one dimension in terms of seven variables and no significant difference according to "number of smartphones used". The implications of the obtained results were discussed together with the studies in the literature, and suggestions were presented for researchers and practitioners.