Investigation of the removal of dye pollution that may occur in the recipient sediment

Surface waters are of great importance for human activities and the environment. In addition to being basically used as drinking water, surface water is also needed in agriculture, animal husbandry, industry sector and wastewater treatment. Surface waters are polluted for various reasons. Water pollution occurs when wastewater containing toxic substances is discharged into surface waters in an uncontrolled manner. This pollution not only affects the creatures living in the water and around the water, but also causes the extinction of various species. In addition, water pollution is seen as the main cause of many epidemics. For this reason, it is of great importance to take measures in order not to pollute the surface waters, and it is also important to determine what reactions occur in the waters when the surface waters are polluted, how the water behaves against these toxic substances, and how much the water can carry the incoming pollution load. Unconscious and uncontrolled population growth increases the need for industry and industries. The expansion of the industrial sector also increases the pollution rate of surface waters at the same rate. Today, various industries discharge their wastewater into surface waters in an uncontrolled manner under conditions that do not comply with regulations. Textile, leather, paper, printing and plastic industries are industrial sectors that are frequently used today. In these sectors, dyestuffs are used to color the products. Dyes are grouped into two groups as natural dyestuffs and synthetic dyestuffs. Since synthetic dyestuffs are resistant to deterioration, they are more preferred in the industrial sector. Among the dyestuffs, methylene blue is the most preferred cationic dyestuff. When wastewater containing dyestuffs mixes with surface waters, the environment and human health are endangered. Dyes cause liver dysfunction, brain and nerve dysfunction and carcinogenic effects. For this reason, it is important to investigate how these substances affect the surface waters, how the surface waters behave in the bottom sediments, and how much dyestuff load the bottom sediments can carry. In this study, the relationship between sediment and dyestuff pollution was investigated by adopting the adsorption project. Sapanca Lake is one of the most important fresh water resources used for drinking water and irrigation needs in the Marmara Region. The lake is exposed to pollution by the surrounding residential areas, industrial establishments and pollutants from the highway. In this study, the relationship between lake sediment and incoming dyestuff pollution, how much the sediment carries the incoming dyestuff load, and what kind of behavior the sediment will develop against this pollution were investigated by adopting the adsorption process, and the study was carried out under conditions suitable for the lake parameters. The subject of this study is to observe the effect of uncontrolled release of dyestuffs in the receiving environment. In addition, this study will examine how much load the sediment in the bottom layer of surface waters can carry and how it reacts to this incoming pollution. With the help of the adopted adaptation process, it will be investigated how the removal efficiency changes with different parameters. In this study, the effects of pH, temperature, adsorbent amount, initial dyestuff concentrations, contact time parameters on the adsorption process were investigated. The aim of this study is to calculate how much of the incoming pollution load can be carried by the sediment, to observe the reaction of the water and the sediment by working under suitable conditions for the lake parameters, to examine the behavior of the sediment against the incoming pollution. As a result of the adsorption experiment studies, optimum adsorption efficiency was achieved with pH 7, 25 ˚C, 0.5 gram adsorbent amount and 100 mg/l dyestuff concentration. This showed that the sediment retained the dyestuff under these conditions and reduced the dyestuff from the surface waters. As a result of the experimental studies, it was determined that the adsorption equilibrium data were more suitable for the Langmuir model with the calculations made. Negative ∆G° values indicate that the adsorption process occurs spontaneously and the calculated ∆H° value is positive, indicating that the process is endothermic. In the light of all these results, it has been concluded that the incoming pollution load is held by the sediment under optimum conditions. Surface waters are polluted directly or indirectly by industrial, industrial and domestic wastes. This limits the use of water for environmental and human activities. The pollution load coming to the surface waters decreases towards the lower layers in the waters over time. Pollution can accumulate in the upper, middle and lower parts of the surface waters. Pollution can show different reactions in various layers of water. Wastewater used as drinking water is passed through various treatment systems and offered to human activities. Industries and industrial establishments use a variety of chemicals. In recent years, production has increased especially in the textile, printing and plastics sectors. Various toxic substances and chemical waste waters from these industries are indirectly or directly discharged into the environment and surface waters. This causes a large pollution load in surface waters. This pollution load can go down to the lowest layer of surface waters over time. Thus, various pollution loads occur in the sediment in the lowest layer of surface waters. It is an important issue how much the sediment can carry this pollution load, how much it accumulates in its body, how much it transfers back to the surface waters, and what chemical reactions take place. In this study, the behavior of the sediment to this pollution load was investigated by adopting the adsorption process. With this study, it will be examined how much the sediment in the bottom layer of surface waters can carry and how it reacts to this incoming pollution. With the help of the adopted adsorption process, it will be investigated how the removal efficiency changes with different parameters. The aim is to observe the reaction of water and sediment by working under conditions suitable for lake parameters and to examine the behavior of sediment against incoming pollution. With the help of the adopted adsorption process, it is to examine how the removal efficiency changes with different parameters. In this study, the effects of pH, temperature, adsorbent amount, initial dyestuff concentrations, contact time parameters on the adsorption process will be investigated.