The evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of gold and silver nanoparticules on human gingival fibroblast cell in vitro

Biosynthesis nanomaterials were obtained by reducing metalic salts using living organisms such as fungi, virus, bacteria, plants. Silver and gold nanoparticles were known with their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory characteristics, and accelerating burn wound healing. The aim of this study, compare the cellular effects such as 48-hour cytotoxicity, proliferation and migration in order to evaluate its safe use in surgical and non-surgical periodontal treatments. Gold and silver nanoparticles were obtained by biosynthesis using pomegranate peel extract. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis, Fourier conversion infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzes of the synthesized nanoparticles were accomplihed. Cytotoxicity experiments were performed by adding gold and silver nanoparticles to human gingival fibroblast (IGF) cells at seven different dilutions, with the highest concentrations of 5.23 µg / ml and 13.06 µg / ml, respectively. In addition, the effect of gold and silver nanoparticles at the lowest two concentrations on the wound model created on IGF cells was evaluated. According to SEM results, gold nanoparticles synthesized from pomegranate peel extract are about 25 nm, silver nanoparticles are about 60 nm. Gold nanoparticles yielded 95% and above viability against IGF cells at all concentrations used for 24 and 48 hours. In silver nanoparticles, 80% and above viability was obtained against IGF cells at all concentrations used for 24 and 48 hours. When the effects of gold and silver nanoparticles at similar concentrations on IGF cells were compared, it was observed that silver nanoparticles were more cytotoxic (p <0.05). The healing potential at 24 hours between groups were compared and it was found that silver and gold nanoparticle group significantly increased the migration rate compared to negative control groups (p <0.05). When the 24- hour results were evaluated, the higher concentration used in both nanoparticles group were found to be more effective on wound healing (p <0.05). According to the results showed that gold and silver nanoparticles any cytotoxic effects against IGF cells and can be preferred as a therapeutic agent for periodontal wound healing. Silver nanoparticles were statistically more effective in proliferation and migration than gold nanoparticles. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.