The effect of postmodernism in american comics: Alternative comics

The place of alternative comics in the world of comics is very important and this is a phenomenon known worldwide. The starting point of this study is the lack of research conducted in our country on behalf of the alternatives that change the views about comics. It is not possible to explain the alternatives without putting them next to mainstream comics. Since USA is one of the first places that comes to mind when the mainstream comics industry is mentioned, it is the region chosen for the study. Producing Turkish literature on alternative comic books is one of the aims of the study. Another one is to convey the evolution of comics through the American instance. The research has been limited to the works and creators considered important for the American underground and alternative comic from the late 1960s onwards. The study consists of three parts: In the first part, as extensive researches on the general history of the comic books was made in detail in previous years, the part was not extended. Comic books are mentioned regarding the ongoing problem of definition, and its current form. In the second part, the emergence of underground comics is explained. Sometimes, the studies that strengthen the spiritual sound of this rebellion movement with high level illustrations are mentioned and sometimes, both the comic book and the different aspects of this culture are discussed. The research is not pursuing fanaticism of the particular period. Next, a new evolution sparked by the collision of underground and mainstream comics are highlighted: The type of understanding which is called "alternative" can be seen as a hybrid model. These alternatives had also become an outcome of the rising intertextual message transmission form in world's art and literature since the 60s. Then new routes and graphic novel perceptions of comic book publishers in America are discussed in detail. The third part of the research has an alternative comic book application designed within the context of the thesis. Nowadays, the alternative comics has its own successful and indigenous examples all over the world and is followed with interest. In this respect, new productions are considered important and necessary.