İnşaat sahasında mobil bım adaptasyonunun analizi: Kompleks altyapı projesi vaka analizi

This research is a case study of a real-world project to implement BIM-related tools and tablets for mobile computing use on-site and its analysis in terms of advantages/ disadvantages, challenges/barriers, and lessons learned. This implementation has been examined not as the technology itself but managing the utilization of right technologies and people transformation. The study focuses on construction phase but also generates an overlook for design, test& commissioning and operations. This study presents mobile BIM as a pioneering and innovative management concept of construction Information and Communications Technology-ICT. The aim of this research is to illustrate BIM adoption at site and to identify barriers/ challenges, advantages and disadvantages of implementing BIM at the construction site in a complex infrastructure project. Recently interest in BIM has been raised with the technological developments for construction projects. 3D design tools are getting popular within design teams. But there are very limited effort to carry the models designed in the office to site. It has been seen as a major challenge to change the traditional processes followed during construction for adoptation of BIM at site. There are also lack of softwares and tools that can be used cross-projects with compliance. In order to extend mobile BIM use, there is a need for strategies and outputs comes from an experience. These type of implementations would lead the other projects in terms of management strategies, problems faced and benefits observed. In order to identify on site BIM processes, a comprehensive literature research has been performed. Various BIM applications used for on site management purposes have been summarized into 5 use cases with references from 40 literature studies. These use cases are named as design management, information management, quality control and assurance, resource management and performance management. This literature analysis is aimed to reveal state-of-art for site BIM processes by introducing possible mobile BIM operations on site and relevant outcomes proposed by the literature. According to literature analysis most of the studies performed for mobile BIM use on site is limited with prototypes tested for only specified activities. There is a need for research on broad implementation of mobile BIM on-site in a real project. Istanbul New Airport construction project has been selected to review the processes of mobile BIM implementation in a real project. At the time of the research design and construction was well progressed and commissioning for the first phase of the project was ongoing. It has been planned to complete Istanbul New airport in 4 phases and to start operating the airport at the end of the first phase will be finalized towards the end of 2018. Design and construction of airport is a very complex characteristic since it consists of many different assets as terminal building, runways, passenger bridges, car parks, railway structure and roads. In order for timely and on budget completion there is a need for a platform that integrates the participant parties of the project. For this reason involvement of BIM department to the project has been determined and planned it to bring alternative solutions to the project's challenging features. A case study that utilized participatory research approach was conducted to examine how mobile BIM is implemented during construction. This research is conducted by a researcher who also has taken responsibility in the company's BIM department as BIM engineer to examine and elaborate on the BIM implementation in IGA project. The data used in this research derived from literature analysis, project documents, observations, and survey results collected by the researcher who involved to organization in daily activities. A survey has been conducted with fifty-one site engineers who are involved in mobile BIM system to identify cultural& technical barriers/challenges, advantages and disadvantages of the system. The survey questions have been categorized according to the use cases identified through literature research. A semi-structured interview has been conducted with twelve engineers aiming to gain an understanding of the case who were actively involved. Key actors who are knowledgeable. The interviews followed a schedule motive to innovate, innovation process, main BIM functions, barriers/ challenges, advantages/ disadvantages, grounds for successful adoptation, future developments and lessons learned; but participants were allowed freedom to discuss their experiences and thoughts about BIM in their own terms. For discussion case study, survey and interview results have been summarized in order to reveal lessons learned and innovative solutions provided. It has been identified that through the use of technology enabled by BIM practices; workflows of construction activities are improved. Even though it was the first BIM experience for the survey participants they were stated that BIM use on site eased their daily activities by saving time; increasing efficiency, constructability, decreasing rework. When the benefits of site-BIM is experienced by the professionals, they would like to use the same system for the next projects independent from their age and experience. It has been also found that use of mobile devices instead of papers are highly preferred onsite independent from age and experience. The weakest use case of the implementation is identified as resource management, which is also the least researched issue in the literature. Technical issues such as WI-FI connection on-site or tablet capacity are raised as the main barriers during site implementation of BIM. There has to be a formal plan/workflow implemented to transform traditional way of doing an activity to the digital way by all means. The data collected throughout site-BIM implementation found to be significant for project's operations phase It has been identified through the interviews that motivations for innovation has been seem as the complexity and size of the project, distance between site and office, easy access to most accurate project documentation and limited project time. In order to transfer BIM implementation site, BIM site team has been set up and tasked with different locations in the project as the adoptation strategy. Resistance of the site personnel has been overcome when they have experienced the benefits of using BIM and this led a passage to full transformation from traditional method to innovative way of performing work on site. Subcontractors they have been obliged to perform inspections digitally and also resolve any issues raised by BIM site engineers in order to receive their monthly progress payments. Main functions of BIM has been stated by the interviewees that instruction of construction with BIM model, registration of inspection forms, creating observation; supervision reports for the problems on site, progress monitoring, registering punch lists, and registration of test and commissioning reports. Main challenges has been identified as cultural change of the site engineers in the projects by site BIM engineers. It was also identified as challenge that construction on site cannot be performed with the same precision as BIM model. Main advantages of the system access to most updated and coordinated project information. It was founded very practical to conduct installation according to coordinated BIM model and reworks are avoided. Formal procedures has been eliminated through supervision of BIM due to common digital environment. Main disadvantage for site engineers was to learn a new technology and get used to it in a short period of time. It was also a disadvantage for them that their work had to be accountable to site BIM engineers during construction. Disadvantage of site BIM engineers was that they had to spend very long time for training and adopting site staff to the new system. They had to break the unwelcoming environment to their existence because of site personnel's resistance to change. The success of the project is achieved with having an on-site BIM team and their close follow-up on daily activities. Successful personal connections of BIM site engineers and managerial support has also big impact on successful implementation.