Annelerin çocukların olumsuz duygularını sosyalleştirmesinin ve çocukların mizacının okul çağındaki çocukların içselleştirme ve dışsallaştırma problemleriyle boylamsal ilişkileri

Interest in identifying the precursors of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems has been increasing. Studies have shown that both parental socialization and children's temperamental characteristics trigger the chronicity and permanence of children's internalizing and externalizing problems. However, there is less research investigating the influences of parental socialization on children's internalizing and externalizing problems through children's temperament during middle childhood in non-Western contexts. Thus, this study aimed to examine the longitudinal relations between parental socialization of children's negative emotions, children's temperament and internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as the mediational effect of temperament on the relations between parental socialization and these problem behaviors with Turkish children. Total of 340 mothers and their children were recruited from Bolu, Istanbul, and Ankara. Coping with Negative Emotions scale at age 7, Children's Behavior Questionnaire at age 8, and CBCL/6-18 at age 9 were used in the study. Results showed that maternal punitive and minimization reactions were positively related to children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Attentional focusing and shifting were negatively associated with internalizing problems, and impulsivity was positively correlated with externalizing problems, but inhibitory control was negatively linked to externalizing problems. Moreover, maternal punitive reactions were negatively correlated with attentional focusing and shifting. Furthermore, maternal punitive reactions were directly and indirectly related to externalizing problems, and they indirectly influenced externalizing problems via inhibitory control. These findings suggest that maternal reactions to children's negative emotions and children's temperament contribute to better understanding of children's internalizing and externalizing problems.