Anneliği ayıplama anıları: Annelik benliği uyuşmazlığının olumsuz duygular ve ayıplanma deneyimleri üzerindeki rolü

Perfect motherhood expectations legitimize criticizing women about their mothering and expose them to mom-shaming. The discrepancy between ideal maternal self, which was created by the definition of perfect motherhood, and one's actual maternal self increases negative emotions in women and leads them to perceive themselves as bad mothers. The current study aimed to examine the mother-shaming experiences and related negative emotions due to maternal self-discrepancies both by qualitative and quantitive analysis methods. Data were collected from the center (N=35) and the outskirts (N=35) of Ankara through face-to-face interviews. Maternal self-discrepancies were assessed by Integrated Self-discrepancy Index (ISDI; Hardin & Lakin, 2009). It was found that a higher discrepancy between the actual/own maternal and should/other maternal self-identities predicted more mother-shaming memories. Mothers with a higher discrepancy between actual/own maternal and should/own maternal self-identities used more guilt related phrases. Lastly, a higher discrepancy between actual/own and ideal/own maternal self-identities predicted a higher number of negative emotion words. In the qualitative part of the study, deductive content analysis was conducted with seventy participants' verbatim transcription. There were five main themes (MT). The most common shamer sub-themes were strangers (86.1%) (public places MT, F= 72), mother-in-law (49.2%) (close family MT, F=177), and relatives (77.3 %) (acquaintance MT, F=88). Shaming memory contents included could not breastfeed (71%) (insufficient feeding MT, F=135) and careless/inattentive (37%) (child-rearing practices MT, F=254). The current research contributed to the literature by studying maternal self-discrepancies quantitively and qualitatively. Also, the first paper defined mom-shaming as a type of adult shaming.