The Knowledge, Attitudes, and Awareness of Family Physicians Working in Family Health Centers in Antalya Regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of family physicians working in Family Health Centers in Antalya, Turkey, regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It also seeks to enhance awareness and contribute to the literature by identifying factors influencing knowledge and attitudes, ultimately aiming to improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD and their families. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted through face-to-face surveys with consenting participants. The survey comprised two sections: one collecting sociodemographic data and the other using the Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers (KCAHW). Data were analyzed with SPSS 27, with statistical significance set at p<0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Results: The study included 222 family physicians, with 61.7% male and 38.13% female participants, aged 19–78 years (mean age: 48.39±9.22; median: 50 years). Female participants, those with personal or familial exposure to ASD, specialized medical training, or ASD-related education, demonstrated significantly higher KCAHW scores. Physicians involved in ASD screening, aware of the National Action Plan, or having previously suspected ASD in a child also scored higher. No significant association was found between KCAHW scores and professional experience, patient load, or the number of children aged 0-6 years in their practice. However, participants who perceived autism as unpreventable or linked to societal stigma had higher knowledge levels. Self-reported proficiency in ASD knowledge correlated with higher KCAHW scores. Conclusions: Family physicians play a critical role in the early detection and management of ASD, a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder. This study highlights the positive impact of specialized training, clinical experience, and awareness initiatives on their knowledge. To strengthen the role of family physicians in ASD management, regular in-service training, widespread adoption of screening programs, and education addressing ASD-related comorbidities and dietary issues are recommended. These strategies will enhance early diagnosis, improve care quality, and boost societal awareness of ASD. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, KCAHW, Family Medicine, Early Diagnosis